The Effect of the Feed Oil and Protein Source on the
Deposition and Depletion of Oxolinic Acid in
Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
| Bjørn Tore Lunestad1*, Merat Behzadzadeh1, Ole Samuelsen2, Marit Espe1 and Marc H.G. Berntssen1 |
1National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen , Norway
P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway |
2Institute of Marine Research, Fish Disease Group, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway |
| *Corresponding author: |
Dr. Bjørn Tore Lunestad,
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES),
Bergen, Norway, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen,
Tel: + 47 975 96 245,
E-mail: blu@nifes.no |
|
Received December 26, 2009; Accepted January 19, 2010; Published
January 19, 2010 |
| Citation: Lunestad BT, Behzadzadeh M, Samuelsen O, Espe M, Berntssen MHG (2010) The Effect of the Feed Oil and Protein Source on the Deposition and Depletion of Oxolinic Acid in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). J Bioequiv Availab 2: 006-010. doi: 10.4172/jbb.1000022 |
| Copyright:© 2010 Lunestad BT, et al. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
| Abstract |
Fish feed has traditionally been based on the marine ingredients
fish oil and fish meal. Pressure on feral fish stocks
and rapidly growing aquaculture has lead to the need for
development of novel aquafeeds that rely less on fish meal
and fish oil, with plant ingredients or alternative marine
feed components as feed ingredient replacements. The
present study investigates the muscle and liver deposition
and elimination of the antibacterial agent oxolinic acid
(OA) administered per os to post smolt Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar L.) in conventional and a novel substitution
fish feed based on vegetable ingredients and krill meal.
|
Atlantic salmon post smolt (start weight ~350 g) was
reared for 2.5 months on either a conventional or a maximum
substitution diet. Subsequently, the fish were fed on
OA supplemented conventional or substitution diets
supplemented with 5 OA g/kg, with a target dose rate of
OA of 15 mg/kg fish/day for 5 days, followed by a 28 day
depuration period on OA free conventional or substitution
feed. Fish in either group were held in three individual
tanks, and at each sampling point three fish form
each tank were sampled and analysed, giving a total number
of nine parallels. The concentration of OA in muscle
and liver were examined by an LC-MS (API-ES) method
with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 5.0ng/g and a
lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10.0ng/g. |
To assess the relative muscle and liver deposition of OA
among fish fed the two diets, the area under the curve
(AUC) ratios in muscle and liver for replacement feed (r)
and conventional feed (c) was calculated as AUCs / AUCc
x 100 %. This ratio in muscle was 73.4 ± 2.2 %, whereas
for liver samples it was 85.1 ± 4.0 %, indicating a lower
OA deposition for substitution feed compared to conventional
feed. The lower deposition is explained by a lower
feeding rate for the fish fed on substitution diets compared
to the conservative diets (0.024±0.0029 and 0.034±0.0027
mg OA g fish-1day-1 respectively), due to a lower voluntary
feed intake. A minor though significant difference in
elimination was observed between the two diets with halflives
(t½ β h) of 189.6 ±4.3 and 211.2±8.4 hours for conventional
and substitution feed, respectively. |
|
|
|