DOI: 10.37421/2475-3211.2023.8.209
DOI: 10.37421/2475-3211.2023.8.205
Maher M Akla*
DOI: 10.37421/2475-3211.2023.8.207
Maher M Akla*
Mohammed Ferdjallah*, Iman Ferdjallah, Zeid Khitan and Henry Driscoll
Disturbances of electrolytes during hyperglycemia is a common Abnormality in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). Similarly, hyponatremia, a consequence of hyperglycemia, is often associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study investigated the association between AD and DMT2 by correlating plasma calcium homeostasis with plasma electrolytes. In this paper, we used plasma calcium homeostasis as a reference for Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF) volume changes. We determined the relative changes in plasma electrolyte concentration with respect to the relative changes in plasma calcium concentration. The study consisted of a cross-sectional study designed to analyse charts data from three patient groups during the period of 2010 to 2018. The study population consisted of three groups: AD-Only group, DMT2-Only group and AD-&-DMT2 group. The ADOnly group consisted of patients who developed AD but did not have DMT2. The DMT2-Only group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with DMT2 but did not develop AD. The AD-&- DMT2 group consisted of patients who had DMT2 and developed AD. Our results showed strong correlations between the relative changes in plasma sodium, plasma potassium and plasma chloride with those of plasma calcium in both AD and DMT2 patients. Patients with AD exhibit some degree of glucose intolerance even when not diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Thus, it is prudent for health care providers to closely watch for DMT2 and AD development in all aging patients regardless of their presentation.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized as a kind of diabetes initially analyzed during pregnancy occurrence of GDM shifts from 2% to 14% around the world and it is expanding. Maternal glucose has been related with a danger of unfavorable pregnancy results in a direct way. High admission of soaked fat, low admission of polyunsaturated fat, and unnecessary gestational weight addition may build the danger of GDM. Actual movement is likewise connected with diminished danger of GDM. Way of life alterations have been demonstrated to be an important adjunctive treatment of GDM. Anticipation of gestational weight gain by dietary what's more, actual movement guiding have discovered positive outcomes and organized high-impact practice preparing has been appeared to diminish birth weight of the babies.
DOI: DOI: 10.37421//2475-3211.2022.7.174.
Adane Adugna Ayalew*and Awoke Fenta Wedag
Foot ulcer is mainly developing due to diabetic disease. It is an open sore on the foot. The aim of this research is to develop polyurethane memory foam insock in Ethiopia by replacing costly material silicon surfactant and distill water by locally available and affordable input materials castor oil as surfactant and tap water instead of distilled water for the diabetic foot ulcer patients. Under this research, it was able to prove the severity of foot ulcer in Ethiopia and enhance the high demand of orthotic appliance. Three memory foam insock with different surfactant ratios were manufactured at AMAGA P.L.C foam factory, Bahir Dar Ethiopia, using standard Polyols and diisocyanates. The in sock was prepared by using materials used in the factory to prepare PU memory foam mattress with 5 g, 9.5 g and 10.36 g of castor oil surfactant amount as a new replaced material instead of costly silicon surfactant from the three, the first castor oil (5 g) is not form a foam and hence no further investigation is conducted on it. Physical properties such as thickness, density, Hardness, Compression set, water absorption and abrasion resistance of developed in sock were tested. Further the new developed in sock was compared with that of existed commercial polyurethane in sock and the SATRA standards. The new developed insock has showed an equivalent mechanical property with the standard.
Flora G. Ruhangisa, Nyasatu G. Chamba, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Elichilia R. Shao*, Gloria A. Temu Clifford Tarimo, Isaack A. Lyaruu and Akrabi Huda
Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is steadily increasing globally; whereas Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) is one of the well-established complications of diabetes mellitus that is long standing and poorly controlled. Alteration in cardiac sympathetic innervations may result in QTc interval prolongation and predispose to arrthymias and sudden death. QTc interval prolongation in ECG is rapid, non-invasive and specific method in detecting CAN among type two diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of prolonged QTc interval among Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi Tanzania. This cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out from October 2016 to March 2017 among 310 type 2 diabetic patients.
Results: The prevalence of prolonged QTc interval among T2DM was found to be 32%. Poor glycaemic control (OR: 2.55, P=<0.0001), Being Hypertensive (OR: 1.73, P=0.037), High Total cholesterol (OR: 1.52, P=0.001), High LDL-c (OR: 1.28, P=0.005), High Triglycerides (OR: 1.64, P=0.001), Fasting plasma glucose (OR: 1.08, P=0.017), Diabetes duration (OR: 1.09, P=<0.0001), Insulin regimen (OR: 2.14, P=0.011), Combined regimen (Oral hypoglycemic and Insulin) (OR: 4.55, P=0.015), High BMI (P=0.008) were significant factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that poor glycaemic control, fasting plasma glucose, insulin regimen and combined regimen (insulin and oral hypoglycemic) were determinants for QTc prolongation among T2DM patients in this study.
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of prolonged QTc interval. Modifiable factors such as poor glycaemic control, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting plasma glucose and treatment modalities were associated with the QTc prolongation. Furthermore, longer diabetes duration was also associated with QTc prolongation. Thus there is need of having a tightly glycaemic control, screening and management of dyslipidemia as well as regular ECG check up to high risk group.
One of the most severe and painful chronic complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot (DF). Poor wound healing increases the risk of disability and death in diabetic patients1, 2 as well as the number of hospitalizations and lower limb amputations. The prevalence of DF has been estimated to be between 2.46 and 2.4 percent3 per year. Patients with healed foot ulcers have a higher than 50%4 incidence of recurrence after three years. As a result, diabetic foot is now a significant threat to public health.The regulation of bone turnover and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus are both dependent on vitamin D, a pleiotropic steroid hormone. In addition, it is known to play a role in the inflammatory response, immune function, cell cycle regulation, and a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes and its complications5, 6. In addition, there is a correlation between vitamin D levels and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients7, and low vitamin D levels have also been linked to lower muscle strength8. Vitamin D deficiency affects approximately one billion people worldwide, primarily in the Middle East, China, Mongolia, and India9. It is interesting to note that the proportion is even higher during the winter.
DOI: 10.37421/2475-3211.2022.7.193
High rates of microvascular and macrovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality are common in type 1 diabetes, which has a significant financial impact on society. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends islet cell transplantation (ICT) as a treatment option for people with type 1 diabetes who suffer from debilitating hypoglycemia. This includes people who are in renal failure, where kidney transplantation may be necessary. Improving glycaemic control, reducing severe hypoglycemia, stabilizing glycaemic variability, and restoring awareness of hypoglycemia where it has been compromised are the primary goals of ICT.
Journal of Diabetic Complications & Medicine received 102 citations as per Google Scholar report
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