Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy
Open Access

Abstract

Endocannabinoids are lipid-derived signaling molecules that control food intake and energy metabolism. Recent evidence from our laboratory suggests that tasting dietary fats triggers endocannabinoid signaling within the rat upper small intestine, and this signaling event promotes the intake and possibly preference for fat-rich foods. We now report a broader role for the gut endocannabinoid system in the control of hunger and eating, and identify critical molecular and neural pathways that regulate these physiological processes. Food deprivation induces biosynthesis of the orexigenic endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-snglycerol (2-AG), in the jejunum mucosa of rats in a time-dependent manner through a mechanism that includes increases in local levels of the 2-AG precursor, 1-stearoyl,2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (SAG). Treatment with tetrahydrolipstatin-an inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase (DGL), which is a critical enzyme that hydrolyzes SAG and generates 2-AG-inhibits production of jejunal 2-AG, suggesting a role for DGL in the formation of 2-AG in the intestine. Furthermore, deprivation-induced biosynthesis of 2-AG in the jejunum is blocked by complete subdiaphragmaticvagotomy or peripheral treatment with the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, atropine. Peripheral administration of atropine, or the peripherally-restricted cannabinoid CB1R antagonist, AM6546, inhibits re-feeding after a 24-hr fast. Collectively, the results suggest that food deprivation drives the biosynthesis of 2-AG in the jejunum through a vagal mechanism that includes activation of local muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Moreover, this gut-brain signaling pathway might participate more broadly in the integrative and dynamic control of feeding and energy balance.

Biography

Nicholas V Di Patrizio’s passion for scientific discovery was solidified during his undergraduate studies at Temple University in Philadelphia. He subsequently earned a Biomedical PhD in the Neurosciences at Drexel University College of Medicine, and did his Postdoctoral research at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. He is a recipient of the prestigious National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence K99/R00 grant award from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. He recently launched his independent research program as an Assistant Professor of Biomedical Sciences at the University of California, Riverside School of Medicine.

Email: ndipatri@uci.edu