BIOCHEMICAL NAME KEGG HMDB SUPER PATHWAY SUB PATHWAY Pre-RT GBM/Control Welch's Two-sample t-test  Log-rank t-test Fold Change p-Value q-Value serine C00065 HMDB03406 Amino acid Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 0.63 <0.001 0.0071 0.0149 glycine C00037 HMDB00123 Amino acid Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 0.64 <0.001 0.0063 0.021 guanidinoacetate C00581 HMDB00128 Amino acid Guanidino and acetamido metabolism 0.40 <0.001 0.0033 0.299 4-acetamidobutanoate C02946 HMDB03681 Amino acid Guanidino and acetamido metabolism 1.44 <0.001 0.0003 0.681 urea C00086 HMDB00294 Amino acid Urea cycle; arginine-, proline-, metabolism 1.35 <0.001 0.0063 0.736 tigloylglycine   HMDB00959 Amino acid Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism 0.67 <0.001 0.0027 0.89 cysteine C00097 HMDB00574 Amino acid Cysteine, methionine, SAM, taurine metabolism 1.67 <0.001 0.0071 0.9 N-acetylneuraminate C00270 HMDB00230 Carbohydrate Aminosugars metabolism 1.64 <0.001 0.0057 0.962 pyridoxate C00847 HMDB00017 Cofactors and vitamins Vitamin B6 metabolism 3.39 <0.001 0.0071 0.21 carnosine C00386 HMDB00033 Peptide Dipeptide derivative 0.34 <0.001 0.0014 0.0371 glycolate (hydroxyacetate) C00160 HMDB00115 Xenobiotics Chemical 0.72 <0.001 0.0071 0.0412 isobutyrylglycine   HMDB00730 Amino acid Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism 1.62 0.0010 0.0076 0.872 pyroglutamine*     Amino acid Glutamate metabolism 0.76 0.0017 0.0119 0.351 ethylmalonate   HMDB00622 Lipid Carnitine metabolism 1.50 0.0017 0.0119 0.0625 nicotinamide C00153 HMDB01406 Cofactors and vitamins Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism 2.47 0.0018 0.0123 0.807 taurocholenate sulfate*     Lipid Bile acid metabolism 0.64 0.0019 0.0124 0.928 kynurenine C00328 HMDB00684 Amino acid Tryptophan metabolism 1.65 0.0025 0.0154 0.744 glycocholenate sulfate*     Lipid Bile acid metabolism 0.62 0.0030 0.0181 0.771 N-carbamylglutamate C05829   Amino acid Glutamate metabolism 1.70 0.0032 0.0186 0.783 xanthurenate C02470 HMDB00881 Amino acid Tryptophan metabolism 0.65 0.0035 0.0198 0.49 imidazole lactate C05568 HMDB02320 Amino acid Histidine metabolism 0.48 0.0042 0.0225 0.191 tiglyl carnitine   HMDB02366 Amino acid Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism 0.75 0.0043 0.0225 0.502 guanidine   HMDB01842 Nucleotide Purine metabolism, guanine containing 1.60 0.0047 0.0238 0.774 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate C01179 HMDB00707 Amino acid Phenylalanine & tyrosine metabolism 0.40 0.0056 0.0267 0.761 dihydrobiopterin C02953, C00268 HMDB00038 Cofactors and vitamins Folate metabolism 0.64 0.0056 0.0267 0.965 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate C00671 HMDB03736 Amino acid Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism 0.59 0.0057 0.0267 0.686 anserine C01262 HMDB00194 Peptide Dipeptide derivative 0.12 0.0064 0.0291 0.0375 choline C00114 HMDB00097 Lipid Glycerolipid metabolism 1.39 0.0065 0.0291 0.499 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate C03080   Amino acid Phenylalanine & tyrosine metabolism 0.25 0.0068 0.0297 0.794 trigonelline (N'-methylnicotinate) C01004 HMDB00875 Cofactors and vitamins Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism 1.59 0.0076 0.0320 0.464 1-methylhistidine C01152 HMDB00001 Amino acid Histidine metabolism 0.55 0.0080 0.0325 0.0338 dimethylglycine C01026 HMDB00092 Amino acid Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 0.73 0.0081 0.0325 0.675 allantoin C02350 HMDB00462 Nucleotide Purine metabolism, urate metabolism 2.30 0.0086 0.0334 0.196 sucrose C00089 HMDB00258 Carbohydrate Fructose, mannose, galactose, starch, and sucrose metabolism 2.29 0.0087 0.0334 0.674 gallate D01398,C01424 HMDB05807 Xenobiotics Food component/Plant 0.51 0.0088 0.0334 0.382 N4-acetylcytidine   HMDB05923 Nucleotide Pyrimidine metabolism, cytidine containing 1.51 0.0090 0.0334 0.948 riboflavin (Vitamin B2) C00255 HMDB00244 Cofactors and vitamins Riboflavin metabolism 3.46 0.0107 0.0389 0.455 N2-acetyllysine C12989 HMDB00446 Amino acid Lysine metabolism 1.35 0.0111 0.0394 0.257 7-methylguanine C02242 HMDB00897 Nucleotide Purine metabolism, guanine containing 0.83 0.0114 0.0396 0.0223 mannitol C00392 HMDB00765 Carbohydrate Fructose, mannose, galactose, starch, and sucrose metabolism 2.20 0.0117 0.0396 0.0803 taurolithocholate 3-sulfate C03642 HMDB02580 Lipid Bile acid metabolism 0.47 0.0119 0.0396 0.312 glutamine C00064 HMDB00641 Amino acid Glutamate metabolism 1.51 0.0138 0.0453 0.706 homocitrulline C02427 HMDB00679 Amino acid Urea cycle; arginine-, proline-, metabolism 1.44 0.0145 0.0453 0.0908 threonate C01620 HMDB00943 Cofactors and vitamins Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism 2.62 0.0146 0.0453 0.182 phosphate C00009 HMDB01429 Energy Oxidative phosphorylation 1.23 0.0146 0.0453 0.727 threonine C00188 HMDB00167 Amino acid Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 0.74 0.0161 0.0490 0.0115 Red represents increase and green represents decrease fold changes KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; HMDB: The Human Metabolome Database

Table 2: Urinary metabolomic profile distinguishes GBM patients from healthy controls.