Figure 1: Main targets in HIV pharmacogenetics studies that affect ADME process. Genes coding for nuclear receptors, transport proteins and drugmetabolizing enzymes are the main targets of HIV pharmacogenetic studies. Nuclear Receptors (NR) regulates metabolic enzymes and transport proteins. Polymorphisms in these targets may affect different pathways of drug absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion (ADME). Ah-R: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; PXR: pregnane X receptor; CAR: constitutive androstane receptor; CYP-450: cytochrome-450, UGT: uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase; P-gp: P-glycoprotein; MRPs: multidrug resistance proteins, OATs: organic anion transporters; OATPs: organic anion transporter polypeptides.