Cancer Type Test Therapeutic Impact ‘Omic Category Breast Cancer HER2 by FISH Response to trastuzumab [9,10] Genomics HER2 by IHC Response to trastuzumab [9,10] Pathology/Proteomics ER/PR by RT-PCR Response to hormonal therapies [88-90] Transcriptomics DPD by PCR Fluorouracil toxicity [91] Genomics PIK3CA Mutation Analysis Resistance to trastuzumab in HER2 positive tumors [92] Genomics Colorectal Cancer KRAS mutation analysis Response to panitumamab, cetuximab [13] Genomics BRAF mutation analysis Response to panitumamab, cetuximab [15] Genomics EGFR amplication by FISH Response to cetuximab [93] Genomics Thymidylate synthase by IHC Resistance to fluorouracil or related agents [94] Pathology/Proteomics UGT1A1 Molecular Assay Increased risk of severe irinotecan toxcity [95] Genomics DPD by PCR Fluorouracil toxicity [91,96] Genomics PIK3CA Mutation analysis Resistance to cetuximab salvage therapy [97] Genomics Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer EGFR Mutation analysis Response to gefitinib, erlotinib [98] Genomics KRAS Mutation Resistance to gefitinib, erlotinib [14] Genomics ALK by FISH Sensitivity to crizotinib [99] Genomics ERCC1 by IHC Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutics [100] Pathology/Proteomics EGFR Amplication by FISH Resistance to gefitinib, erlotinib, cetuximab plus paclitaxel, and carboplatin [101] Genomics EGFR by IHC Response to cetuximab plus chemotherapy [102] Pathology/Proteomics TS by RT-PCR Resistance to pemetrexed [103] Transcriptomics UGT1A1 Molecular Assay Irinotecan toxicity [104] Genomics ALK by FISH Response to crizotinib in metastatic disease [105] Genomics Gastric Cancer HER2 by FISH Response to trastuzumab [11] Genomics HER2 by IHC Response to trastuzumab [106,107] Pathology/Proteomics ERCC1 by IHC Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapies [108] Pathology/Proteomics Melanoma BRAF Mutation Analysis Response to vemurafenib [16] Genomics Brain Cancer MGMT methylation Response to temozolomide [109] Epigenomics Head and Neck Cancers DPD status Fluorouracil toxicity and efficacy [110] Metabolomics CLL 17p by FISH Resistance to fludarabine based regimens Genomics   P53 Mutation analysis Resistance to fludarabine based regimens [111] Genomics CML BCR-ABL Recommended imatinib [112] Genomics BCR-ABL KD Mutation V299L, T315A, F17L/V/I/C Response to nilotinib rather than dasatinib [41] Genomics BCR-ABL KD Mutation Y253H, E255K/V, F359V/C/I Response to dasatinib rather than nilotinib [41] Genomics BCR-ABL transcript mass by RQ-PCR Response tyrosine kinase inhibitors after therapy ihas been intiated [113] Transcriptomics Myelodysplastic Syndrome Deletion 5q Response to lenalidomide [114] Genomics Platelet derived growth factor receptor beta Indication for imatinib [115,116] Genomics Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma MYC translocations Resistance to retuximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) in diffuse B-cell lymphoma [117] Genomics HER2: Human epidermal growth receptor 2 FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization IHC: Immunohistochemstry ER/PR: Estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor DPD: Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase PIK3CA: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic alpha EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor TS: thymidylate synthase ERCC1: Excision repair cross-complementing 1 protein UGT1A1: Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase MGMT: methylguanine-methyltransferase promoter

Table 2: ‘Omics Screens for Cancer Therapeutics.