| 
      Data are presented as means ± SEM, and p value. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the changes in SBP, DBP, HR, MAP and RPP values. Bonferroni’s
    multiple comparison tests were used to make intragroup comparisons. Comparison PI-L,D&E, PII-L&D, PIII-L&E, PIV-D&E
        | Parameter | Lidocaine | Diltiazem | Esmolol | PI | PII | PIII | PIV |  
        | SBP (mmHg) | 140.7 ± 1.575 | 137.6 ± 1.37 | 137.5 ± 1.40 | 0.2068 | 0.1381 | 0.1301 | 0.9594 |  
        | DBP (mmHg) | 98.50 ± 0.77 | 91.93 ± 0.81 | 90.43 ± 0.93 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | 0.2277 |  
        | HR (per min) | 110.0 ± 0.78 | 92.88 ± 0.99 | 92.20 ± 1.54 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | 0.7131 |  
        | MAP (mmHg) | 112.6 ± 0.70 | 107.1 ± 0.77 | 106.1 ± 0.79 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | 0.3493 |  
        | RPP | 15460 ± 170.1 | 12770 ± 182.4 | 12680 ± 253.7 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | P<0.0001 | 0.7690 |  |