Figure 4: Effects of LB extract (a) and taurine (b) on protein expression of VEGF in high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. The relative levels of protein for VEGF was assessed by the immunoblotting method, and normalised to α-tubulin. Levels in control were arbitrarily assigned a value of 1.0. Values are means ± SEM. (n =6). (c) Effects of LB extract and taurine on levels of VEGF concentrations in high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. VEGF levels in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. Values are means ± SEM. (n =4, each in triplicate). #P<0.001 versus Control, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus high glucose (HG).