| |
Proinflammatory |
Type 1 cytokines |
Type 2 cytokines |
Type 3 |
| |
cytokines |
|
|
cytokine |
| |
IL-1 |
TNF-α |
IFN-α |
IL-12 |
IFN-γ |
TNF-β |
IL-2 |
IL-4 |
IL-6 |
IL-10 |
TGF-β |
| NOD mice |
++ |
++ |
0 |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
+ |
++ |
+ |
+ |
| BB rats |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
++ |
? |
++ |
0 |
? |
+ |
+ |
| Humans |
0 |
nd |
++ |
? |
++ |
? |
nd |
0 |
0 |
? |
? |
++: cytokine presence correlates with β-cell destructive insulitis; +: cytokine presence correlates with benign insulitis; 0: cytokine presence does not correlate with either destructive or benign insulitis; nd: not detected;
?: not reported; NOD: Non-Obese Diabetic mice; BB: Biobreeding rats; Humans: pancreas of humans with IDDM |
