| Parameters |
Obese children |
Controls |
p |
| Leptin (ng/ml)a |
19.9 ± 7.4 |
7.9 ± 5.1 |
<0.001 |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) |
33 ± 8.9 |
3.6 ± 1 |
<0.001 |
| IL-2 (U/l) |
0.4 ± 0.1 |
0.9 ± 0.1 |
<0.01 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) |
45.2 ± 11.8 |
13.1 ± 3.9 |
<0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) |
9.2 ± 2.3 |
3.9 ± 1 |
<0.001 |
| E-selectine (ng/ml) |
78 ± 38 |
59 ± 29 |
<0.01 |
| hsCRP (mg/l) |
4.1 ± 4.8 |
0.9 ± 1.5 |
<0.001 |
Results are mean ± SD; CRP: C-Reactive Protein; hs: high-sensitivity; aLeptin has
the structure similar to that of IL-2 and may activate the innate immune system and
shift the cognate immune system toward a predominance of a proinflammatory
TH1 T cell population while reducing the regulatory TH2 phenotype [255]. Leptin
treatment was found to increase energy expenditure (oxygen consumption),as
well as increased thermogenic marker uncoupling protein-1 and type II deiodinase
mRNA levels 1.7- and 3-fold,respectively,in mice [256]. |
