| |
Controls |
Non-GDM mothers |
GDM mothers |
Pa,b,c |
| Number |
26 |
27 |
27 |
|
| Age (years, x ± SD) |
32.1 ± 4.9 |
30.4 ± 5.6 |
31.3 ± 4.9 |
N.S.a |
| Weight gain in pregnancy (kg, x ± SD) |
|
13.2 ± 5.6 |
12.3 ± 4.3 |
N.S.c |
| BMI (kg/m2, x ± SD) |
22.1 ± 3.1*† |
27.9 ± 4.8‡ |
32.3 ± 5.8 |
<0.001a |
| TSFT (mm, x ± SD) |
19.0 ± 9.6*† |
25.7 ± 9.9 |
32.0 ± 9.8 |
<0.001a |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L, x ± SD) |
5.8 ± 0.6*† |
4.9 ± 1.1 |
4.9 ± 0.9 |
<0.001a |
| Blood β-hydroxy-butyrate (mmol/L, median [min – max]) |
0.3 (0.1 – 0.3) |
0.2 (0.1 – 1.0) |
0.2 (0.1 - 0.8) |
N.S.b |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L, x ± SD) |
0.83 ± 0.5*† |
3.00 ± 1.1 |
3.29 ± 0.9 |
<0.001a |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L, x ± SD) |
5.33 ± 1.1*† |
7.05 ± 1.20 |
6.94 ± 1.23 |
<0.001a |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L, x ± SD) |
1.65 ± 0.25 |
1.84 ± 0.48 |
1.67 ± 0.41 |
N.S.a |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L, x ± SD) |
3.30 ± 0.87 |
3.60 ± 1.32 |
3.62 ± 0.96 |
N.S.a |
aparametric ANOVA with Dunnett T3 multiple comparisons; b Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons; c Mann-Whitney test; Significant differences: *
controls vs. non-GDM mothers; † control vs. GDM mothers; ‡ non-GDM vs. GDM mothers; NS: Not Significant; GDM: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; TSFT: Triceps Skinfold
Thickness |
