| |
Diabetic |
| |
Treatment cohort |
p-values |
| EBGS (N=479) |
LIPUS (N=183) |
No-stim (N=742) |
EBGS vs. No-stim |
LIPUS vs. No- stim |
EBGS vs. LIPUS |
| Mean |
(SE) |
Median |
Mean |
(SE) |
Median |
Mean |
(SE) |
Median |
| Costs in 9 months before index date ($) |
26,872 |
(1,867) |
13,684 |
26,638 |
(4,759) |
14,283 |
33,198 |
(2,480) |
14,286 |
|
|
|
| Total healthcare costs |
0.57 |
0.77 |
0.86 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
9,852 |
(1,368) |
0 |
9,620 |
(2,123) |
0 |
13,999 |
(1,529) |
0 |
0.02 |
0.30 |
0.52 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
13,493 |
(867) |
7,820 |
14,182 |
(2,873) |
8,321 |
16,009 |
(1,574) |
7,535 |
0.39 |
0.39 |
0.81 |
| Cost of medications |
3,528 |
(244) |
1,770 |
2,836 |
(305) |
1,372 |
3,191 |
(158) |
1,736 |
0.30 |
0.44 |
0.14 |
| Fracture-related healthcare costs |
8,625 |
(1,277) |
1,133 |
6,827 |
(1,258) |
1,170 |
12,153 |
(1,418) |
1,238 |
1.00 |
0.73 |
0.78 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
6,312 |
(1,223) |
0 |
4,757 |
(1,234) |
0 |
9,426 |
(1,368) |
0 |
0.02 |
0.08 |
0.90 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
2,313 |
(171) |
1,000 |
2,070 |
(236) |
990 |
2,726 |
(204) |
884 |
0.11 |
0.59 |
0.54 |
| Costs in 12 months after index date ($) |
31,277 |
(1,915) |
18,273 |
36,270 |
(3,628) |
20,241 |
50,256 |
(3,276) |
23,712 |
|
|
|
| Total healthcare costs |
<0.01 |
0.18 |
0.14 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
6,460 |
(792) |
0 |
12,533 |
(2,447) |
0 |
22,189 |
(1,932) |
0 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
19,984 |
(1,400) |
11,947 |
19,688 |
(1,634) |
12,851 |
23,644 |
(2,040) |
13,116 |
0.74 |
0.28 |
0.21 |
| Cost of medications |
4,834 |
(338) |
2,987 |
4,049 |
(397) |
2,358 |
4,423 |
(214) |
2,606 |
0.26 |
0.48 |
0.14 |
| Fracture-related healthcare costs |
8,104 |
(535) |
4,068 |
12,531 |
(1,492) |
4,239 |
17,689 |
(1,409) |
6,103 |
0.49 |
0.12 |
0.01 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
2,529 |
(460) |
0 |
6,117 |
(1,355) |
0 |
12,934 |
(1,352) |
0 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
5,575 |
(255) |
3,897 |
6,415 |
(449) |
4,092 |
4,755 |
(317) |
1,990 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.03 |
| |
Non-diabetic |
| |
Treatment cohort |
p-values |
| EBGS (N=2951) |
LIPUS (N=1251) |
No-stim (N=6022) |
EBGS vs. No-stim |
LIPUS vs. No- stim |
EBGS vs. LIPUS |
| Mean |
(SE) |
Median |
Mean |
(SE) |
Median |
Mean |
(SE) |
Median |
| Costs in 9 months before index date ($) |
15,106 |
(770) |
7,157 |
18,388 |
(976) |
7,797 |
14,286 |
(427) |
4,920 |
|
|
|
| Total healthcare costs |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.09 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
5,434 |
(709) |
0 |
7,955 |
(807) |
0 |
5,914 |
(341) |
0 |
0.43 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
8,441 |
(195) |
5,045 |
9,147 |
(374) |
5,308 |
7,192 |
(165) |
3,664 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.52 |
| Cost of medications |
1,231 |
(51) |
198 |
1,286 |
(179) |
180 |
1,180 |
(46) |
110 |
<0.01 |
0.23 |
0.13 |
| Fracture-related healthcare costs |
7,192 |
(713) |
1,228 |
9,030 |
(824) |
1,079 |
6,510 |
(313) |
870 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
4,469 |
(699) |
0 |
6,478 |
(773) |
0 |
4,425 |
(297) |
0 |
0.27 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
2,723 |
(86) |
1,093 |
2,552 |
(167) |
913 |
2,085 |
(53) |
790 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Costs in 12 months after index date ($) |
19,033 |
(621) |
10,453 |
21,370 |
(912) |
11,434 |
21,119 |
(456) |
11,400 |
|
|
|
| Total healthcare costs |
0.95 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
4,468 |
(485) |
0 |
5,648 |
(640) |
0 |
7,580 |
(356) |
0 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
12,785 |
(260) |
8,436 |
13,838 |
(424) |
9,223 |
11,911 |
(180) |
8,151 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of medications |
1,781 |
(76) |
274 |
1,884 |
(230) |
284 |
1,628 |
(63) |
193 |
0.04 |
0.85 |
0.24 |
| Fracture-related healthcare costs |
8,102 |
(248) |
4,076 |
9,374 |
(356) |
4,326 |
10,157 |
(274) |
4,677 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Cost of inpatient admissions |
2,089 |
(209) |
0 |
2,737 |
(296) |
0 |
5,029 |
(261) |
0 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
| Cost of outpatient services |
6,013 |
(111) |
4,032 |
6,638 |
(180) |
4,152 |
5,129 |
(85) |
3,051 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
*A non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare the total and fracture-related costs between the various treatment cohorts as the distribution of costs associated with
the different treatments was not normal
†All costs presented are in U.S. dollars and represent raw, unadjusted costs observed in the medical claims dataset |
