Hormonal changes in the life periods of women Estrogen level Androgen level Insulin resistance Risk for type-2 diabetes and obesity Adolescence menstrualdisorder ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ anovulatory cycles ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ Premenopausal women anovulatory infertility ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ nulliparity  ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ PCOS ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ hyperprolactinemia ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ antiestrogen treatment ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ contraceptive use ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ Postmenopausal women HRT use ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ non HRT use ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ antiestrogen treatment ↓↓ ↑↑ ↑↑ ↑↑ hysterectomy ↓↓ ↑↑ ↑↑ ↑↑

Table 1: Lifelong changes in the sex hormone levels of women and their correlations with insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and obesity.