Parameter Type 1 diabetes Control subjects P F/M 18/12 11/9 <0.5 Age (years) 48 ±11 45 ± 13 0.444 BMI (kg/m2) 25 ± 3 24 ± 4 0.2105 MBP (mmHg) 91 ± 11 92 ± 11 0.5775 FPG (mg/dL) 167 ± 63 90 ± 10 <0.0001 HbA1c (mmol/mol) 67 ± 9 38 ± 2 <0.0001 Fructosamine (µmol/L) 349 ± 36 231 ± 15 <0.0001 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.85 ± 0.14 0.86 ± 0.20 0.464 Neutrophils (/µL) 4024 ± 1521 3646 ± 733 0.307 Lymphocytes (/µL) 2308 ± 754 1952 ± 420 0.061 T CD4+ (%) 47.0 [14.5] 47.0 [10.0] 0.6920 Treg (%) 5.4 [2.3] 4.9 [1.7] 0.4759 CM Treg (%) 52.8 [16.3] 44.2 [17.4] 0.0129 Naïve Treg (%) 15.9 [12.5] 12.9 [9.8] 0.2347 EM Treg (%) 27.8 [9.1] 37.6 [16.4] 0.0014 MB: Mean Blood Pressure; FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose; Treg: regulatory T cells; CM: Central Memory; EM: Effector Memory; Data are mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]

Table 1: Clinical, laboratory, andimmunophenotypic characteristics of study participants, control subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes.