| Receptor |
Cell signalling |
Cellular localization |
Physiological function |
Reference |
| A1 |
Low cAMP |
Central nervous system
Neurons
Astrocyte
Oligodendroglia
Microglia |
Inhibition of acetylcholine release
Regulation of growth and development
Control of myelination
Neuronal survival
Microglial proliferation |
[113]
[114]
[115]
[116]
[116] |
Cardiovascular system
Heart
Endothelial cells |
Regulation of Ca2+ and K+M chanels
Protection against ischemia
Synthesis and release of NO
Vasodilation |
[117]
[117]
[118,119]
[118,119] |
Immune system
Macrophages
Leucocytes |
Macrophage activation
Release of cytokines
Promotion of adhesion to endothelial cells
Release of proinflammatory mediators |
[120]
[120]
[121]
[121] |
| Liver |
Protection against ischemic damage |
[122] |
| Adipose tissue |
Inhibition of lypolisis |
[123] |
| Endocrine pancreas |
Secretion of insulin
Release of glucagon |
[124]
[124] |
| Kidney |
Urine production
Renal constriction |
[125]
[125] |
| A2A |
High cAMP |
Central nervous system
Neurons
Astrocyte
Oligodendroglia
Microglia |
Stimulation of acethilcholine release
Regulation og growth and development
Ischaemia protection
Neuronal survival
Microglial proliferation |
[113]
[114]
[126]
[127]
[127] |
Cardiovascular system
Endothelial cells |
Synthesis ands release of NO
Vasodilation |
[37,128]
[37,128] |
Immune system
Macrophages
Leucocytes
Lymphocytes |
Macrophage activation
Release of cytokines
Promotion of adhesion to endothelial cells
Release of proinflammatory mediators
Regulation of proliferation |
[129]
[129]
[130]
[130]
[131] |
| Liver |
Protection against ischemic damage |
[132] |
| Endocrine pancreas |
Release of glucagon |
[133] |
| A2B |
High cAMP |
Central nervous system
Astrocyte
Microglia |
Regulation og growth and development
Neuronal survival
Microglial proliferation
|
[114]
[116]
[116] |
Cardiovascular system
Endothelial cells |
Synthesis ands release of NO, vasodilation |
[128] |
Immune system
Macrophages
Leucocytes
Lymphocytes |
Macrophage activation
Release of cytokines
Promotion of adehesion to endothelial cells
Release of proinflammatory mediators
Lymphocyte activation |
[134]
[134]
[135]
[135]
[136] |
| Liver |
Gluconeogenesis regulation
Glycogenolysis |
[137]
[137] |
| A3 |
Low cAMP |
Central nervous system
Astrocyte
Microglia |
Regulation og growth and development
Neuronal survival
Microglial proliferation |
[138]
[139]
[139] |
Cardiovascular system
Heart |
Protection against ischemia |
[118,140] |
Immune system
Macrophages
Leucocytes |
Macrophage activation
Release of cytokines
Promotion of adhesion to endothelial cells
Release of proinflammatory mediators |
[141]
[141]
[142]
[142] |
cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; NO: Nitric Oxide