| Pk parameter |
In normal rats |
In diabetic rats |
| Pioglitazone |
PIO+CURC(SDI) |
PIO+CURC(MDI) |
Pioglitazone |
PIO + CURC(SDI) |
PIO + CURC(MDI) |
| Cmax (µg/mL) |
4.15 ± 0.78 |
4.43 ± 1.14 |
3.78 ± 0.89 |
4.37 ± 0.14 |
4.46 ± 0.36 |
4.06 ± 1.01 |
| Tmax (hrs) |
2 ± 0 |
1 ± 0 |
2 ± 0 |
2 ± 0 |
1 ± 0 |
2 ± 0 |
| AUC0 to n (µg.hr/ mL) |
25.28 ± 9.45 |
28.18 ± 6.16 |
33.34 ± 9.18* |
33.63 ± 7.14 |
34.65 ± 9.11 |
41.33 ± 10.38* |
| AUCtotal (µg.hr/ mL) |
26.86 ± 10.98 |
30.28 ± 29.07 |
36.87 ± 21.09** |
37.08 ± 8.43 |
38.20 ± 5.96 |
46.82 ± 8.59* |
| AUMC0 to n (µg.hr mL) |
154.37 ± 19.23 |
176.38 ± 21.15* |
255.47 ± 17.93** |
244.61 ± 31.29 |
254.71 ± 23.71 |
337.41 ± 48.05** |
| AUMC total (µg.hr/ mL) |
205.42 ± 32.74 |
245.03 ± 28.02* |
375.80 ± 39.18** |
361.81 ± 35.91 |
374.81 ± 40.92* |
529.36 ± 61.43** |
| T1/2 (hrs) |
5.63 ± 1.76 |
6.00 ± 1.09 |
7.04 ± 2.03 |
6.89 ± 1.09 |
6.82 ± 1.10 |
7.63 ± 0.41 |
| MRT (hrs) |
7.64 ± 2.09 |
8.09 ± 2.79 |
10.19 ± 1.45* |
9.75 ± 1.14 |
9.81 ± 1.03 |
11.30 ± 0.78* |
| Cl (mL/hr) |
0.37 ± 0.05 |
0.33 ± 0.02 |
0.27 ± 0.03** |
0.26 ± 0.03 |
0.26 ± 0.07 |
0.21 ± 0.04* |
| Vd (mL) |
3.02 ± 0.29 |
2.86 ± 0.19 |
2.75 ± 0.24 |
2.68 ± 0.45 |
2.57 ± 0.69 |
2.35 ± 0.35 |
| Vdss (mL) |
2.84 ± 0.17 |
2.67 ± 0.15 |
2.76 ± 0.20 |
2.63 ± 0.39 |
2.56 ± 0.51 |
2.41 ± 0.48 |
Mean +/- SD, ***significant at p<0.001, **significant at p<0.01,*significant at p<0.05 compared to pioglitazone control
SDI: Single Dose Interaction; MDI: Multiple Dose Interaction; PIO: Pioglitazone; CURC: Curcumin |
