| Enzymes | 
        Specific activity    (nmol.min-1.mg-1 protein) in the cell-free extract,  
          prepared from    cells grown on | 
       
      
        | PA | 
        4-HPA | 
        Glucose | 
       
      
        | PA-CoA ligase | 
        41 ± 7 | 
        nd | 
        nd | 
       
      
        | 4-HPAH | 
        30 ± 1 | 
        627 ± 19 | 
        nd | 
       
      
        | PAH | 
        nd | 
        nd | 
        nd | 
       
      
        | 3,4-DHPADO | 
        nd | 
        745 ± 10 | 
        nd | 
       
      
        | 2,5-DHPADO | 
        nd | 
        1.7 ± 0.3 | 
        nd | 
       
     
      Abbreviations: PA, Phenylacetic acid; 4-HPA, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; PA-CoA
    ligase, phenylacetyl-CoA ligase; 4-HPAH, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid hydroxylase;
    PAH, phenylacetic acid hydroxylase; 3,4-DHPADO, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
    dioxygenase; 2,5-DHPADO, 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid dioxygenase. Enzyme
    activities were monitored as described in ‘Materials and Methods’. nd, no activity
    detected. Values after ± indicate SD observed. |