Experiment Average Initial ClO4-[mg L-1] DOC [mg L-1] ClO4- in leaves [mg kg-1 fw] ClO4- in leaves [mg kg-1 dw] K [mg L-1day-1] Zero order R2 K [day-1] 1st order R2 Acetate 1st dose 33.2 ± 1.7 293.2 ± 12 11.9 ± 1.8 47.5 ± 7.1 4.21 ± 0.61 0.93     Acetate 2nd dose 30.7 ± 7.0 246.3 ± 82 33.8 ± 25.1 120.9 ± 92.8 10.81 ± 1.9 0.85     Acetate 3rd dose 42.6 ± 13.3 29.1 ± 1.3 69.4 ± 58.3 246.2 ± 206.1 1.80 ± 0.58 0.58 0.24 ± 0.04 0.95 Acetate 4th dose 50.4 300.0 104.7 488.6 23.8 0.99     CLE 1st dose 27.3 ± 1.7 325 ± 16.6 11.7 ± 3.8 44.3 ± 12.0 4.85 ± 0.62 0.98     CLE 2nd dose 21.8 ± 6.2 315.1±50.3 44.1 ± 12 167.6 ± 48.2 6.50 ± 2.94 0.91     CLE 3rd dose 38.7 ± 3.4 36.4 ± 9.3 120.8 ± 29.6 479.6 ± 84.1 1.73 ± 0.24 0.71 0.23 ± 0.05 0.95 CLE 4th dose 37.0 300.0 136.4 409.1 18.4 0.97     Control 1st dose 32.8 ± 0.5 54.6 ± 5.3 103.7 ± 16.8 416.3 ± 60.0 3.23 ± 0.91 0.85 0.36 ± 0.02 0.94 Control 2nd dose 17.2 ± 0.1 32 ± 12 185.6 ± 88.5 817.7 ± 353.6 1.31 ± 0.10 0.85 0.35 ± 0.05 0.90 Control 3rd dose 38.7 ± 5.4 18.3 ± 5.6 210.6 ± 97.8 908.7 ± 397.1 2.68 ± 0.43 0.68 0.33 ± 0.03 0.93 Control 4th dose 42.8 ± 2.7   386.6 ± 27 1540 ± 132.2 3.2 ± 0.72 0.50 (0.17 ± 0.1)† 0.88 Values presented in table are mean ± standard deviation based on three soil bioreactors. † - second order degradation rate constant [L mg-1 day-1] for the 4th dose in the control bioreactors.

Table 1: The average initial concentration of perchlorate and dissolved organic carbon in solution, and concentration of perchlorate in willow leaves. CLE: chicken litter extract. The leaves were collected immediately following the complete treatment of perchlorate dose. fw = fresh weight, dw = dry weight.