| Modified Electrode |
Linear range |
DetectionLimit (µM) |
Reference |
| GCE/MWCNTs/Hb |
6.0- µM–6.0 mM |
1.2 |
[114] |
| grafted collagen-MWNTs/Hb |
0.6–30.0 µM |
0.1 |
[115] |
| CHIT/MWCNTs/CeO2/Hb |
5.0 µM–0.5 mM |
0.6 |
[116] |
| GNP/MWCNTs/Hb |
0.2 µM–3.0 mM |
80 nM |
[117] |
| ITO/GNP/Hb |
10.0 µM–7.0 mM |
4.5 |
[118] |
| HDT/GNP/Hb |
50.0 nM–1.0 µM |
10 nM |
[119] |
| C@SiO2/GNP/Hb |
5.0–80.0 µM |
80 nM |
[120] |
| HAP/GNP/Hb |
0.5–25.0 µM |
0.2 |
[122] |
| GNP/PNP/CHIT/Hb |
0.1 µM–6.6 mM |
45 nM |
[123] |
| ODGNP/Hb |
0.6–12.4 µM |
24 nM |
[124] |
| ITO/TiO2/GNP/Hb |
5.0 µM–1.0 mM |
0.6 |
[125] |
| Ti/TDN-Au/Hb |
50.0 nM–0.2 µM |
20 nM |
[126] |
| PG/ZrO2/Hb |
1.5–30.2 µM |
0.1 |
[127] |
| ZrO2/Hb |
0.8 µM–0.1 mM |
0.1 |
[128] |
| SA/HZMS/Hb |
1.8 µM–4.9 mM |
0.6 |
[129] |
| CIN/Hb |
3.1 µM–4.0 mM |
1.2 |
[130] |
| CFN/CHIT/Hb |
50 nM–1.0 mM |
10 nM |
[131] |
| GCE/MCMS/CHIT/Hb |
69.0 µM–0.3 mM |
21.0 |
[132] |
| Fe3O4/CHIT/Hb |
50.0 µM–1.8 mM |
4.0 |
[133] |
| GCE/AgNPs/Hb |
1.0 µM–0.1 mM |
0.3 |
[134] |
| CdTe/CHIT/Hb |
7.4 µM–0.7 mM |
2.2 |
[135] |
| TNT/Hb |
1.0 µM–0.1 mM |
0.9 |
[136] |
| PP123-NGP/Hb |
10.0 µM–0.1 mM |
8.2 |
[137] |
| GCE/CAN/NF/Hb |
0.9–17.0 mM |
0.4 |
[138] |
| PG/P123/Hb |
1.0 µM–0.5 mM |
0.5 |
[142] |
| GCE/PAN-co-PAA/Hb |
9.2 µM–2.0 mM |
4.5 |
[143] |
| GCE/BMIM·PF6–MSFs/Hb |
0.2–28.0 µM |
80 nM |
[144] |
| BPPF6/MWCNTs/Hb |
50.0 nM – 0.7 µM |
3.8 nM |
[145] |
| GCE/LCCP/Hb |
7.0 µM–0.2 mM |
3.1 |
[146] |
| Fe3O4-GP/Hb |
1.5 µM–0.6 mM |
0.5 |
[155] |
Hb: Hemoglobin; HDT: 1,6-hexanedithiol; TDN: Three-Dimensional Nanoporous;
HAP: Hydroxyapatite Nanotubes; ODGNP: One-Dimensional Gold Nanoparticles;
PG: Pyrolytic Graphite; BMIM: 1-Butyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium; HZMS: Hollow
Zirconium Dioxide Microspheres; SA: Sodium Alginate, CIN: Carbon-Coated
Iron Nanoparticles; CFN: Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles; MCMS: Magnetic
Chitosan Microsphere; TNT: TiO2 Nanotubes; PP123: Pluronic P123, NGP:
Nanographene Platelet; CAN: Activated Carbon Nanoparticles; NF: Nafion; P123:
Triblock Copolymer EO20PO70EO20; PAN-co-PAA: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic
acid); BMIM•PF6: 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate; MSFs:
Mesocellular Siliceous Foams. LCCP: Liquid Crystal Cubic Phase; Mb: Myoglobin;
RZnOMs: Rod-constructed Zinc Oxide Microspheres; ZGS: Zwitterionic Gemini
Surfactant; TATP: Triacetone Triperoxide; SWNHs: Single-walled Carbon
Nanohorns; PSSF: Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate); PPI: Poly(propyleneimine) |