Cytokine Indication Skin adverse reactions IFN-α Leukemia, Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatoma, malignant tumor, AIDS, hepatitis C and B, Behcet disease, hemangiomas, keloids, actinic keratosis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, keloids, advanced melanoma Local redness, pain, swelling, induration, necrosis or purulent actions at the injection sites, flu-like symptom, urticaria, pigmentation, multiple fixed drug eruption, erythema dermatitis, eczematous reaction, bullous lesions, cutaneous vasculitis, sarcoidosis-like lesion, alopecia areata, hair color change, lichen planus, lichenoid eruptions, granuloma, vitiligo, raynaud's phenomenon, xerostomia, livedo reticularis, seborrheic dermatitis, angioedema, aphthous ulcer, rehumatiod and lupus-like symptoms, induce or aggravate autoimmune disorders (such as psoriasis, eosinophilic fascitis, anasarca, paraneoplastic pemphigus, herpes labialis, and systemic lupus erythematosus) [4,6,8,10,11,16,32,69,75-79] IFN-β Multiple sclerosis Local inflammatory reactions, nodule, necrosis and ulcers at the injection sites, flu-like symptom, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous, severe urticaria, vasculitic-like lesion, sarcoidosis, allergic contact dermatitis, aggravate autoimmune disorders (such as psoriasis) [25,30,80-82] IFN-γ Chronic granuloma, genital warts, Rheumatoid arthritis, nsitization dermatitis, malignant tumor, infection viral, atopic dermatitis Local redness, pain and swelling, erythema nodosum leprosum, flu-like symptoms, SLE-like symptom, aggravate the inflammation of eczema [32,34,83] G-CSF Granulocytopenia result from autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy, AIDS, aplastic anemia, leukemia Nodule at the injection sites, exanthematic eruption, severe toxic epidermal necrolysis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, pseudotumor hyperplasia, neutrophils sweat duct inflammation, Sweet's syndrome, bullous pyoderma gangrenosum, cutaneous vasculitis or follicultitis [36,41,43,72,84-88] GM-CSF Granulocytopenia result from autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy, AIDS, aplastic anemia, wound healing, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, melanoma, chronic ulcers Urticaria, edema, local or widespread erythematous dermatitis-like skin lesion, pustules or necrotizing vasculitis at the injection sites, aggravate the primary lesion, such as Sweet's syndrome, bullous pyoderma gangrenosum, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, cutaneous vasculitis [32,41,71,72,81] EPO Anemia induced by chronic renal failure, malignant tumor or chemotherapy Generalized eczema, exfoliative dermatitis [45,46] IL-1 Bone marrow depression caused by chemoradiation, malignant tumor Flu-like symptom, erythematous dermatitis-like skin lesion, aggravate the primary lesion [47] IL-2 Genital warts, sensitization dermatitis, malignant tumor, infection viral Flu-like symptom, exanthematous dermatitis, severe toxic epidermal necrolysis, vascular leak syndrome, generalized edema, angioneurotic edema, urticaria, aggravate the primary lesion (such as psoriasis, eczema) or increase the risk of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions [32,50,52,63,89-91] IL-3 Marrow failure, aleukia, autologous bone marrow transplantation, immunoadjuvants Flu-like symptom, minor erythematous reactions at the injection sites, urticaria [56] IL-6 Immunodeficiency, malignant tumor, immunoadjuvants Moderate injection-site reactions, maculopapular erythema, papulae, scale [58,72] TNF-α Malignant tumor, leukemia, bone marrow transplantation, cut down cholesterol Flu-like symptom, local reactions [59-61].

Table 1: Indication of some cytokine products applied to clinical and the skin adverse reactions.