Figure 2: Potential role of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair process. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which derived from bone marrow or blood vessels, have been shown to augment ischemia-induced angiogenesis, either by paracrine effects of cytokines such as VEGF, IGF-1, or direct incorporation into the endothelial layer, following differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Many researchers suggested that some factors such as VEGF, G-CSF, Erythropoietin, Statin, or Cilostazol can promote EPCs mobilization, or enhance the recruitment of EPCs to sites of an injury area.