| Leishmania species |
Disease in
humans |
Geographical
distribution |
Main reservoir host |
| Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum |
Visceral leishmaniasis; Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Mediterranean basin; Middle East and Central Asia to Pakistan; China; Central and South America |
Dog |
| Leishmania (L) major |
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis |
North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Sahel belt |
Gerbillidae rodents |
| Leishmania (L) aethiopica |
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis, Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Ethiopia, Kenya |
Rock hyraxes |
| Leishmania (L) mexicana |
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Central America |
Various forest rodents |
| Leishmania (L) amazonensis |
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis |
South America, north of the
Amazon |
forest rodents |
| Leishmania (L) venezuelensis |
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Venezuela |
unknown |
| Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis |
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis;
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis |
South America, Central America
and Mexico |
Numerous rain forest mammals
(suspected) |
| Leishmania (V) peruviana |
Localised cutaenous leishmaniasis |
Peruvian Andes |
Dog |
Source: Gramiccia and Gradoni [19].