nmol/L* ng/mL Health status <30 <12 Deficiency, leading to rickets in infants/children and osteomalacia in adults 30–50 12–20 Inadequate for bone and overall health in healthy individuals ≥ 50 ≥ 20 Adequate for bone and overall health in healthy individuals >125 >50 Potential toxicity and adverse effects, particularly >150 nmol/L *1 nmol/L=0.4 ng/mL Adapted from Institute of Medicine [4].

Table 2: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and implications in health status.