| Study (reference) |
Immobilization device |
Imaging modality |
Mean ± SD for positioning errors (mm) |
| Baumert et al. 2005 (22) |
Thermoplastic mask alone
Thermoplastic mask with bite block
Thermoplastic mask with upper jaw support |
CT |
3.7 ± 2.8
2.2 ± 1.1
3.3 ± 1.8 |
| Boda-Heggemann et al. 2006 (20) |
Scotch-cast rigid mask
Thermoplastic mask |
kv-CBCT (Elekta) |
3.1 ± 1.5
4.7 ± 1.7 |
| Guckerberger et al. 2007 (21) |
Scotch-cast rigid mask |
kv-CBCT (Elekta) |
3.0 ± 1.7 |
| Masi et al. 2008 (18) |
Thermoplastic mask alone
Thermoplastic mask with bite block |
kv-CBCT (Elekta) |
3.0 ± 1.4
2.9 ± 1.3 |
| Present study |
U-frame mask with bite block |
kv-CBCT (Varian) |
3.6, 1.9* |
*RMS and SD for translations in all three directions