Figure 11: Automation of the NP-based cell chip. The individual reservoir chambers containing all the components required for the NP-based determination of the amount of misfolded protein drugs, including the host cells in suspension (see Figure 10), the carrier fluid, which mediates their regulated transfer via microfluidic channels, and the dye, 4-methylumbelliferyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside (4-MUGP), are integrated into the one-way cartridge. The mixer, the reactor with the installed electrostatic cell trap, the photometric detector and the waste container are installed in a common central unit. The one-way cartridge and the central unit are connected via microfluidic channels and electrical interfaces. The reactor manages to trap and correctly position the host cells through electrostatic interactions between the cell surface and the trap wall.