Factor Recommendation Approximate SBP reduction Approximate LDL-C reduction Sodium intake Reduce to no more than 2, 300 mg or 6 g of sodium chloride daily. 2 – 8 mm Hg - Saturated fat intake Reduce to no more than 7% of calories - 8 – 10% Dietary cholesterol Reduce to no more than 200 mg per day - 3 – 5% Adopt DASH eating plan Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products with a reduced content of total and saturated fat. 8 – 14 mm Hg - Viscous fiber Increase intake to 5–10 g per day - 3 – 5% Plant sterols/stanols Increase intake to 2 g per day - 6 – 15% Soy protein* Increase intake to 20-50 g per day - 3 – 5% (7-10%)† Weight reduction Achieve and maintain a normal body weight (BMI: 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2) 5 – 20 mm Hg/10 kg weight loss 5 – 8% / 4.5 kg weight loss Physical activity Achieve regular aerobic physical activity for at least 30 min each day, for 5 days each week. 4 – 9 mm Hg - Alcohol consumption Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks per day for men, and no more than 1 drink per day for women. 2 – 4 mm Hg - Cumulative estimate   Suggestive evidence for a cumulative response 24 – 37% Adapted and reproduced from the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults - Adult Treatment Panel III [60] Modified and adapted with permission from The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure [63] *Sacks et al, 2006 [64]. †Jenkins et al, 2010 [65]

Table 1: Approximate Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) Reductions Achievable by Diet and Lifestyle Modifications.