Immunostimulant

Fish

Administration and dose

Length of administ-ration

Mechanism of
action/results

References

High-M alginate

Atlantic
halibut

Immersion

n.i

↑ survival

[214]

Atlantic
halibut

Bioencapsulated in Artemia

Different periods during initial feeding

↑ growth

[215]

Atlantic cod
and spotted wolffish

Diet

59 days
55 days

↑ growth
Uptake of 125I-labelled
molecule in the stomach
and intestine

[56]

Turbot

Enriched in Artemia

1 week

↑ survival

[53]

Alginate

Atlantic
salmon

Macrophage
culture

n.i

↑ phagocytic activity and
 respiratory burst

Rokstad et al.
(unpublished data) cited in Vadstein [54]

Atlantic salmon

Diet

Six months

↑ lysozyme activity
→ survival, colour, taste consistency
and grading

[216]

Turbot

Diet

13 days

↑ protein synthesis and
protein turnover
→ survival and larval size

[217]

Ergosan

Striped snakehead

i.p

14 days

↑ inhibition index of macrophages and serum on in vitro growth of Aphanomyces invidans

[57]

Rainbow trout

i.p

1 day

↑ neutrophils and respiratory burst

[58]

Sea bass

Diet (0.5 %)

60 days

↑ serum complement activity,
serum lysozyme, gill and
liver HSP

[162]

AquaVac Ergosan

Rainbow trout

Diet (0.5 %)

Three cycles (95 days in total)

↑ growth (95 days) and the
growth related gene
expression of IGFI, TRαmRNA
and TRβ, and gene expression
of IL-1β, IL8 and TLR3 in spleen
↓ cortisol, HSP70 gene
expression in liver, MYO gene
expression

[218]