Cancer type Sample size Promoter methylation References
Liver cancer 32 42 48 60 39 42 62% (20/32) 79% (33/42) 67% (32/48) 62% (37/60) 56% (22/39) 45% (20/42) [4-11]
Neuroblastoma 33 <10% [12]
Breast cancer 25 44% (11/25) [4]
Colorectal cancer 38 16% (6/38) (high-level MSI) [13]
Ovarian cancer 89 69 22% (20/89) 7% (5/69) [14,15]
Gastric cancer 75 45 30 67% (50/75) 69% (31/45) 37% (11/30) [16-18]
Prostate cancer 47 101 43% (20/47) 31% (31/101) [19,20]
Thyroid cancer 19 100% (19/19) [21]
Cervical cancer 40 38% (14/40) [22]
Parathyroid cancer 47 36% (17/37) [23]
Malignant pheochromocytoma 4 50% (2/4) [23]
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 30 53 60% (18/30) 57% (30/53) [24,25]
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 71 72 16% (T: 64%, B: 7%) 31% (22/72) [26,27]
Table 1: RIZ1 promoter methylation in various types of cancer.