System features

Elements

Goals

Components

Attributes for design and/or evaluation

Key references
Early Timely awareness To effectively communicate understandable information in a rapidly accessible manner to people with ability and authority in order that they interpret the information and act A communications system that is regular, reliable, and multidirectional Features of data acquisition and dissemination Traceability of individual cases through the system [11,21,29,31-37,46,48,49]
People with the ability to interpret the data centrally and locally Ability and willingness of stakeholders to access and view data appropriately [11,21,31-33, 35,38]
An understandable and meaningful input format Feedback from data providers regarding properties of the data collection platform [11,21,29,33,39,48,49]
Warning Meaningful event information To provide information to help forecast population-level prognosis Data to fill the diagnostic hierarchy Number of cases at various points in the system [21,40,41]
Data to define the magnitude of the problem Ability to calculate population rates Ability to calculate farm-level rates [21,37,41]
Contextual information on the problem of interest or unusual occurrence Case characteristics accompany submissions [21,33,37,42]
    To provide peri-event information to help provide context Concurrent health events Ability to document other health-related events [11,21,40,32,33,38,48,49]
Local environmental variability Ability to incorporate environmental data [7,39,40,43,46, 47]
Risk Unusualness To recognize an event as unusual Local knowledge Ability to collect and integrate local knowledge from farmers and data providers [7,34,38,39,42, 46]
Create/access historical trend development (species, disease, location) Inventory of historical trend data or ability to generate trend data [11,21,31,32,39,40,44,48,49]
Analytical capacity Ability to analyse data from multiple sources to detect an event and determine its significance [11,21,29,31,32,34,40,46-49]
  Risk to the human population To demonstrate the potential for human exposure Document animal location and use with respect to the population of concern Ability to collect and integrate agricultural and human census data, animal locations and movements [7,34,41-47]
Table 1: Proposed components of an emerging infectious disease intelligence system supported by published evaluations and criteria.