Functionalized
CNT |
Modification
approach |
Biocompatibility/
Solubility |
Reference |
|
|
|
|
Glucosamine-MWCNT |
Oxidative covalent |
Good biocompatibility |
[169] |
|
|
|
|
CS-MWCNT
(CS: chitosan) |
Oxidativecovalent |
Reduced aggregation, high dispersibility and long term stability in 2% acetic acid. |
[170] |
|
|
|
|
CS-MWCNT-Cu2+ |
Covalent |
Improved electrical conductivity and stability |
[19] |
|
|
|
|
CS-MWCNT |
Wet-grinding assisted ultrasonication |
Improved wettability and homogeneous dispersion |
[171] |
|
|
|
|
Galactose-MWCNT |
Oxidative covalent |
Improved dispersibility in aqueous solvents. |
[172] |
|
|
|
|
PVP-MWCNT |
Polymerization and blending |
Remarkable solubility in water, ethanol and dimethylformamide (DMF) |
[173] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PPy-MWCNT
(PPy: Poly propylene) |
Oxidativecovalent |
Improved solubility and conductivity |
[174] |
|
|
|
|
α-Pyrene-MWCNT |
Reversible addition –fragmentation chain transfer polymerization |
Increased solubility with the surface coverage of the polymer. |
[175] |
|
|
|
|
Pyrene-MWCNT |
Covalent |
Improved solubility |
[176] |
|
|
|
|
MWCNT-COOH |
Acid oxidation |
Decreased length, increased solubility and colloidal stability in polar solvents like water and ethanol |
[177] |
|
|
|
|
MWCNT-Amine
(Amine: dicyandiamide and
phenylbiguamide) |
Oxidative covalent |
Uniform dispersion, good interfacial binding, better compatibility |
[178] |
|
|
|
|
SWCNT-OH
(hydroxyl nanotubes) |
Fluorine displacement |
Stable suspension in water, ethanol and dimethyl formamide. Improved compatibility with biomolecules |
[88] |
|
|
|
|
SWCNT-tetrafluoric acetic
group |
Covalent |
Improved dispersion in water, ethanol and DMF |
[179] |
|
|
|
|
SWCNT-2-propanol-2-yl |
Covalent attachment under UV-light |
Bundle dissociation, improved solubility in organic solvent, retained electronic structure |
[180] |
Cellulose-SWCNT |
Covalent |
Easily dispersed and stable for 7 days at the content of 10 mg/ml |
[181] |
|
|
|
|
CNT-SDS
(SDS: sodium dodecylsufate;
Anionic surfactant) |
Non-covalent |
Decreased aggregation,
Dispersion in both aqueous and organic solvents |
[182, 183] |
CNT-NaDDBS
(NaDDBS: Sodium dodecylbenzene
sulfonate) |
|
|
|
Triton-100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SWCNT-pyrene-Protein |
Non-covalent |
Increased dispersion |
[184] |
SWCNT-PEG-FITC |
Non-covalent
(π - π stacking of aromatic FITC) |
Solubilized CNTs |
|
MWCNT-PEI-DNA |
Non-covalent |
Improved dispersion |
[166] |
|
|
|
|
