Figure 5: Reduction of S. sobrinus-induced dental caries by nasal GTF-I vaccine. Groups of mice were immunized nasally with GTF-I alone, GTF-I plus CpG ODN or PBS, as described in the legend for Figure 1. Two weeks after immunization, mice given PBS, GTF-I alone or GTF-I plus CpG ODN were inoculated orally with 109 CFU of S. sobrinus, as described in Materials and Methods. Caries activities were determined by Keyes method. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.E. for six mice per group. *p<0.05, compared with PBS.