| β-emitter |
Relative Signal
strength |
Half-life |
Signal Containment |
Biological analyses |
Signal
amplification |
Film autoradiography |
| 3H |
1 |
12.4 years |
Bench work & monitoring |
Organic molecules. PTMs e.g.
alkylation, methylation |
Fluorometry |
Days-weeks |
| 32P |
90 |
14.3 days |
User shielding behind 1 cm of perspex |
Phosphate transfer. PTM as phosphorylation |
Intensifying screens |
Hours-days |
|