| Gene name and symbol |
Category |
Function |
Reference |
| Glutathionreductase (GSR) |
Regulators of oxidative stress |
Recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) |
[48] |
| Glutathion S-transferase α 1 (GSTA1) |
Mitigates electrophiles and products of peroxidation |
[49] |
| Nuclear factor (erythroid-drived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2/ NRF2) |
Activates antioxidant genes that contain antioxidant response element (ARE) on their promoters |
[50] |
| Catalase (CAT) |
Converts hydrogen peroxide to H2O and O2 |
[51] |
| NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) |
Reduces quinones to hydroquinones |
[52] |
| Gamma-glutamylcysteinesynthetase (GCLM) |
Modifier subunit of glutamate cystein ligase |
[53] |
| Glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLC) |
Catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase |
[53] |
| DNA methyltransferase 3 α (DNMT3A) |
Modifiers of epigenome |
Functions in de novo methylation of DNA |
[54] |
| DNA methyltransferase 3 β (DNMT3B) |
Functions in de novo methylation of DNA |
[54] |
| DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) |
Maintains DNA methylation after DNA replication |
[54] |
| Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) |
Homolog to the yeast Sir2 that functions as deacetylase |
[44] |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 A (CDKN 1A/p21 Waf1) |
Regulators of cell cycle progression |
Inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases |
[41] |
| Cell division cycle 23 homolog (CC23) |
A component of anaphase-promoting complex |
[55] |
| Cyclin D 1 (CCND1) |
Involves in G1/S cell cycle transition |
[38,56] |
| CDyclin E 1 (CCNE1) |
Involves in G1/S cell cycle transition |
[56] |
| Cyclin B 1 (CCNB1) |
Involves in regulation of G2/M cell cycle transition |
[56,57] |
| Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) |
Regulates the processivity of DNA replication in S-phase |
[58] |
