| |
Hospital pharmaceutical consumption [gbed-1a-1]† |
Community
[gp-1a-1] |
Hospital contribution to WWTP load [%]‡ |
| General hospital |
Long term care |
| |
DE |
LU |
FR |
NL |
UK-1 |
UK-3 |
UK-2 |
UK-4 |
UK-5 |
DE |
LU |
UK-1 |
| Year |
2011 |
2010 |
2010 |
Mean |
2011 |
2011 |
2011 |
2011 |
2010 |
|
|
|
| Water usage
[‘000 m3a-1] |
73.0 |
51.4 |
157.2 |
87.6 |
63.8 |
47.4 |
3.1 |
9.4 |
- |
|
|
|
| WWTP catchment [‘000 p] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77 |
47 |
14 |
| Hospital flow contribution [%] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.8 |
1.5 |
6.9 |
| Beds per 1000 inhabitants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.3 |
11.9 |
22.0 |
| No. of beds |
560 |
360 |
863 |
1076 |
265 |
318 |
34 |
120 |
- |
|
|
|
| Diclofenac |
7.07 |
1.62 |
1.93 |
0.50 |
3.26 |
3.98 |
0.30 |
0.19 |
0.65 |
2.9 |
5.5 |
8.5 |
| Naproxen |
0.00 |
8.73 |
2.18 |
0.07 |
3.98 |
1.85 |
8.87 |
0.44 |
1.34 |
1.2 |
11.2 |
5.3 |
| Carbamaz |
1.64 |
1.00 |
2.91 |
0.00 |
4.34 |
4.49 |
3.78 |
1.87 |
0.72 |
4.4 |
21.4 |
10.1 |
| Atenolol |
0.27 |
0.15 |
0.64 |
0.00 |
2.20 |
1.59 |
1.19 |
0.47 |
0.63 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
6.1 |
| Bezafibrate |
0.84 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.78 |
0.41 |
0.23 |
0.00 |
0.17 |
2.1 |
n.a. |
8.0 |
| Lidocaine |
0.00 |
2.21 |
46.95 |
2.36 |
17.21 |
8.45 |
0.06 |
0.36 |
0.07 |
n.a. |
61.2 |
81.3 |
| Amoxicillin |
22.73 |
92.52 |
67.05 |
47.49 |
72.26 |
125.37 |
8.53 |
21.52 |
1.87 |
1.0 |
n.a. |
42.0 |
| Ciprofloxacin |
9.61 |
16.50 |
21.80 |
8.96 |
27.31 |
24.19 |
1.45 |
1.32 |
0.17 |
11.8 |
154.6 |
74.8 |
| Clarithromycin |
3.82 |
5.47 |
0.85 |
0.40 |
24.75 |
18.04 |
1.76 |
1.33 |
0.40 |
59.1 |
18.2 |
36.0 |
| Sulfamethox. |
3.32 |
0.33 |
13.39 |
5.37 |
0.00 |
15.07 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.03 |
4.7 |
53.0 |
0.0 |
| Erythromycin |
2.18 |
0.55 |
2.93 |
1.45 |
2.12 |
2.41 |
6.50 |
0.00 |
0.45 |
82.4 |
64.3 |
8.1 |
| Diatrizoate |
67.06 |
0.00 |
181.37 |
3.89 |
0.00 |
29.45 |
0.00 |
0.53 |
0.00 |
67.8 |
n.a. |
0.0 |
| Iopamidol |
13.49 |
0.00 |
4.36 |
0.00 |
687.67 |
9.63 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
77.8 |
n.a. |
100 |
| Iopromide |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0 |
248.42 |
4.26 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.1 |
n.a. |
100 |
| Cyclophosph. |
0.31 |
0.48 |
1.79 |
1.94 |
0.00 |
8.45 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
< LOQ |
12.7 |
0.0 |
| Ifosfamide |
0.10 |
0.28 |
0.71 |
0.03 |
0.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
< LOQ |
n.a. |
100 |
†During measurement campaigns: DE: Sampling period 31.01.2011 - 07.02.2011, n=7, 24h composite samples (flow proportional); LU: Sampling period 18.10.2010
- 22.10.2010, n=10, 24h composite samples (time proportional); FR: Sampling period 23.06.2010 - 12.07.2010, n=7, 24h composite samples (time proportional); UK:
Sampling period 09.2010 - 02 - 2012, weekly composite samples (flow proportional). Hospitals:1 - Rural general, n=46; 2 - Rural long term, n=10; 3 - Urban general, n=48;
4 - Urban long term, n=37; 5 - Community prescribed in rural catchment, per head of population for calendar year 2010.
‡Calculated based on: DE and LU: Flow proportional sampling in hospital effluents and comparison with prescription data, sampling periods as above; UK: Dispensed
pharmaceuticals to the rural hospital complex (inc. psychiatric and geriatric lodges but excluding outpatient prescriptions) compared to the community prescribed
pharmaceuticals in the region (pro - rata for catchment size). Only calculated for hospitals that were sole (hospital) contributors to a monitored sewer flow.
n.a. = not analysed ; LOQ = limit of quantitation; substances detected but not quantifiable |
