Features Cytarabine Gemcitabine 5-Fluorouracil Capecitabine Chemical structure Physical property [8] log Kow: -2.5, solubility: 2×105 mg/L log Kow: -1.2, solubility: 5×104 mg/L log Kow: -1, solubility: 1×104 mg/L log Kow: 0.6, solubility: 3×104 mg/L Environmental occurrence [43, 44] --- hospital effluent: 38 ng/L hospital effluent: 27 ng/L, WWTP effluent: < 15 ng/L --- Ecotoxicology [31, 42, 47-50] EC50 > 1 mg/L in various assays EC50 > 1 mg/L in various assays EC50 > 0.1 mg/L in various assays EC50 > 1 mg/L in various assays Treatment strategy [41, 51-53] oxidative radiolysis --- oxidative photolysis, membrane reactor ---

Table 4: Summary of antimetabolites (pyrimidines).