Therapy Potency Reference Octreotide Somatostatin analogue 15 Pasireotide Somatostatin analogue 16 Vitamin K3 Cdc25A inhibitor 17 Gefitinib EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor 18 4aPDD Trpv4 activator 19 5’6’-EET Trpv4 activator 19 Nifedipine + arachidonic acid Trpv4 activator 19 NPPB CFTR inhibitor 20 CFTRinh172 CFTR inhibitor 20 DIDS Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor 20 SITS Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor 20 U0126 MEK/ERK inhibitor 21 Epac siRNA Gene silencing 21 MicroRNA15a transfection Overexpression 22 4αPDD, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate; 5’6’-EET, 5’6’-epoxyecosatrienoic acid; Cdc25A, cell division cycle 25A; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; DIDS, 4,4’-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; Epac, exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP; MEK/ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinasekinases/ extracellularsignal-regulatedkinase;NPPB, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid; siRNA, small interfering RNA; SITS, 4-acetamido-4’-isothiocyanato-2,2’- stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate; Trpv4, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4.

Table 1: Therapies effective for inhibiting cystic growth of the PCK cholangiocytes in the 3-D culture system.