| _____________________________________________________________________ Year of First Report Name of the Device (Investigators) _____________________________________________________________________ 1967 Ivalon foam plug (Porstmann et al) 1976 Dumbbell-shaped plug (Mills and King) 1979 Polyurethane foam covered single umbrella with miniature hooks (Rashkind & Cuaso) 1983 Two opposing polyurethane covered umbrellas (Rashkind PDA Occluder System) 1984, 1988 Botallo-occluder (Saveliev et al) 1986 Detachable silicone double-balloon (Warnecke et al) 1989 Conical nylon sack filled with segments of modified guide wire with a 1.5 cm long flexible wire cross bar attached to the distal end of the sack (Magal et al) 1990 Two polyurethane foam discs attached to each other with elastic thread (Sideris et al) 1990 Temperature-shape changeable, shape-memory polymer(polynorbornene) (Echigo et al) 1991 Adjustable Buttoned Device (Rao et al) 1991 Clamshell ASD device (Bridges et al) 1992 Gianturco Coil (Cambier et al) 1993 Butterfly vascular stent plug (Nazarian et al) 1993, 1996 Thermal shape-memory nickel-titanium coil (Liu et al) 1993 Duct-occlude pfm (Le et al) 1993 Cook Detachable Coil (Cambier et al) 1994 Silicone-coated balloon expandable stent (Moss et al) 1995 Conical-shaped stainless steel wire mesh (Pozza et al) 1996 Flipper Detachable Coil (Uzun et al) 1996 Gianturco-Grifka Sac (Grifka et al) 1996 Infant Buttoned Device (Sideris et al) 1996 Miniaturized duct-occluder pfm (Grabitz et al) 1997 Polyvinyl Alcohol Foam Plug mounted on titanium core pin (Grabitz et al) 1998 Amplatzer Duct-occluder (Masura et al) 1999 Folding Plug Buttoned Device (Rao et al) 2001 Wireless PDA Devices (Sideris et al) 2001 Reinforced Duct-occlude pfm (Le et al) 2001 Angulated Nitinol plug – Amplatzer (Kong et al) 2002 Swivel disk and plug occluders – Amplatzer (Thanopoulos et al) 2005 Amplatzer Vascular Plug (Hoyer) 2005 Nit-Occlud coils (Celiker et al) 2005 Inoue single-branched stent graft (Saito et al) 2008 Amplatzer duct occluder II - ADO II (Thanopoulos et al) 2008 Non-ferromagnetic Inconel MReye embolization coils (Grifka et al) 2008 Amplatzer Vascular Plug with prefilled embolization coils (Glatz et al) 2009 Self-expanding platinum-coated Nitinol device (Lertsapcharoen et al) 2009 Chinese self-expandable occluder, similar to the Amplatzer occluder (Yu et al) 2009 Amplatzer Vascular Plug II (Cho et al) 2009 Valved stent (Zhou et al) 2010 Cardio-O-Fix occluder** (Białkowski et al) 2011 Nit-Occlud PDA-R (reverse) device (Heath) * Amplatzer muscular VSD devices and various ASD occluding devices, including, Rashkind, clamshell, buttoned, CardioSEAL, STARFlex, Amplatzer and Lifetech atrial septal occluder devices and aortic stents (covered) have been used for closure of large PDAs and are not separately tabulated. **a self-expandable Nitinol wire-mesh device very similar to the Amplatzer device. ASD, atrial septal defect; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; VSD, ventricular septal defect. Reproduced from Rao (2012)44 |
| Table 2: Devices Used to Occlude Patent Ductus Arteriosus*. |