Figure 16: Bar graph illustrating residual gradients at follow-up after initial surgery (SURG) and balloon angioplasty (BALL); these are similar (p>0.1). In both groups, repeat balloon angioplasty resulted in significant (p<0.001) reduction in coarctation gradients. Mean + standard error of mean (SEM) are shown. FU, follow-up; PRE, before; POST, after intervention.