RNA extracted from cerebella (N=8 samples per group) was reverse transcribed, and the cDNAs were used to measure gene expression corresponding to the (A) insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 polypeptides, (B) insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 receptors, and (C) IRS1, IRS2, and IRS4. Results were normalized to 18S rRNA measured in parallel reactions. Graphs depict relative levels of gene expression Inter-group comparisons with respect to trophic factors, receptors, or IRS molecules were made by repeated measures two-way ANOVA tests with the Bonferroni post hoc significance test. Significant P-values are shown over the graphs.

Figure 4: Effects of early postnatal binge ethanol exposures on expression of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IRS-2, and insulin receptor substrate genes in young adolescent cerebella.