Before Kindergarten Entry: ROR Exposure DIBELS Initial Sound Fluency .36* (n = 34) DIBELS Letter Naming Fluency .22 (n = 34) DIBELS FSF .01 (n = 34) Child Interview Emergent Literacy Skills .30*(n = 34)     At end of Kindergarten:   Teacher-rated literacy skills .18 (n = 25) * p. < .05

Table 6: Partial Correlations between ROR Exposure and Children’s Emergent Literacy Skills Controlling for Child Age and Mother’s Education Level.