DGF – dialysis first week only n(%*)

DGF – dialysis in 2 periods‡n(%)

DGF – dialysis in more than 2 periods‡n(%)

No DGF – some dialysis n(%)

No DGF – no dialysis n(%)

p-value†
Recipient Characteristics  

Female 4349 (29.8) 780 (5.4) 346 (2.4) 572 (3.9) 8546 (58.6) <0.0001
   Race           <0.0001
   African
     American		 4193 (34.6) 851 (7.0) 440 (3.6) 542 (4.5) 6099 (50.3)  
   White 7129 (31.0) 1165 (5.1) 543 (2.4) 889 (3.9) 13247 (57.7)  
   Other 808 (33.2) 128 (5.3) 57 (2.3) 93 (3.8) 1348 (55.8)  
Hispanic 1336 (31.3) 263 (6.2) 135 (3.2) 156 (3.7) 2383 (55.8) 0.08
   Age (years)           <0.0001
   18-30 900 (27.5) 155 (4.7) 74 (2.3) 135 (4.1) 2015 (61.5)  
   31-44 3038 (30.1) 528 (5.2) 263 (2.6) 441 (4.4) 5852 (57.8)  
   45-59 4796 (33.1) 875 (6.0) 417 (2.9) 594 (4.1) 7828 (54.0)  
> 60 3396 (35.3) 586 (6.1) 286 (3.0) 355 (3.7) 4999 (52.0)  
   BMI category (kg/m2)           <0.0001
   BMI < 10 or Missing 2673 (28.6) 541 (5.8) 280 (3.0) 420 (4.5) 5423 (58.1)  
   BMI >10 to <25 3503 (29.0) 582 (4.8) 289 (2.4) 499 (4.1) 7206 (59.7)  
   BMI > 25 to <30 3249 (34.8) 544 (5.8) 259 (2.8) 355 (3.8) 4929 (52.8)  
   BMI > 30 2705 (39.9) 477 (7.0) 212 (3.1) 251 (3.7) 3136 (46.3)  
   Primary cause
      of ESRD 		          <0.0001
   Diabetes
     mellitus         		3048 (31.8) 561 (5.8) 234 (2.4) 369 (3.8) 5389 (56.1)  
   Glomerulonephritis 2155 (30.8) 351 (5.0) 163 (2.3) 277 (4.0) 4049 (57.9)  
   PKD                850 (31.7) 133 (5.0) 58 (2.2) 113 (4.2) 1530 (57.0)  
        Hypertension       3001 (32.9) 567 (6.2) 327 (3.6) 410 (4.5) 4821 (52.8)  
   Other                           1594 (34.3) 241 (5.2) 109 (3.3) 167 (3.6) 2539 (54.6)  
   Unknown                      1482 (33.1) 291 (6.5) 149 (2.3) 189 (4.2) 2366 (52.9)  
  Pre-Transplant
  Dialysis Duration		           <0.0001
       None
         (pre-emptive)		 941 (35.9) 159 (6.1) 59 (2.3) 105 (4.0) 1356 (51.8)  
       0-12 months 784 (25.9) 94 (3.1) 48 (1.6) 118 (3.9) 1985 (65.5)  
       13-24 months 1594 (28.0) 233 (4.1) 104 (1.8) 232 (4.1) 3533 (62.0)  
       25-60 months 5905 (32.4) 1074 (5.9) 513 (2.8) 750 (4.1) 9972 (54.8)  
       More than
          60 months		 2906 (36.4) 584 (7.3) 316 (4.0) 320 (4.0) 3848 (48.3)  
Donor Characteristics            
Female 5157 (34.0) 842 (5.5) 422 (2.8) 630 (4.2) 8137 (53.6) <0.0001

Hispanic

1336 (31.3) 263 (6.2) 135 (3.2) 156 (3.7) 2383 (55.8) 0.08

   Race

          <0.0001

        African American

1394 (31.0)

274 (6.1)

138 (3.1)

224 (5.0)

2461 (54.8)

  
White

 10223 (32.3)

1786 (5.7)

 860 (2.7)

1232 (3.9)

17515 (55.4)

  

   Other

513 (36.0)

84 (5.9)

42 (3.0)

69 (4.8)

718 (50.4)

  

   Age (years)

          <0.0001

         ≤ 18

1423 (25.3)

207 (3.7)

95 (1.7)

251 (4.5)

3658 (64.9)

  

    19-30

2002 (26.5)

321 (4.3)

120 (1.6)

322 (4.3)

4790 (63.4)

  

    31-44

2392 (31.4)

431 (5.7)

206 (2.7)

313 (4.1)

4274 (56.1)

  

    45-59

3403 (37.0)

657 (7.1)

339 (3.7)

363 (3.9)

4444 (48.3)

  

    ≥ 60

1337 (39.1)

265 (7.8)

159 (4.7)

141 (4.1)

1518 (44.4)

  

   BMI category (kg/m2)

          <0.0001

      BMI < 10 or Missing

326 (22.2)

68 (4.6)

49 (3.3)

86 (5.9)

938 (63.9)

  

  BMI ≥10 to <25

5701 (29.5)

916 (4.7)

458 (2.4)

803 (4.2)

11480 (59.3)

  

  BMI ≥ 25 to <30

3574 (34.4)

695 (6.7)

313 (3.0)

400 (3.9)

5405 (52.0)

  

  BMI ≥ 30

2529 (40.0)

465 (7.4)

220 (3.5)

236 (3.7)

2872 (45.4)

  

   Death due to stroke

5452 (37.0)

982 (6.7)

535 (3.6)

595 (4.0)

7169 (48.7)

 <0.0001

   Terminal
Creatinine ≥ 1.5

 2083 (38.5) 430 (7.9) 234 (4.3) 233 (4.3) 2433 (45.0) <0.0001

   Hypertension history

2929 (40.1)

555 (7.6)

332 (4.5)

587 (3.9)

3203 (43.8)

 <0.0001

   Diabetes

563 (39.3)

92 (6.4)

71 (5.0)

41 (2.9)

664 (46.4)

 <0.0001

   CMV sero-positive

7539 (32.7)

1348 (5.9)

683 (3.0)

930 (4.0)

12562 (54.5)

 0.002

Transplant Factors

            

   Donor type

            

      ECD

2037 (39.4)

402 (7.8)

253 (4.9)

203 (3.9)

2270 (44.0)

 <0.0001

      DCD

409 (44.3)

121 (13.1)

50 (5.4)

23 (2.5)

320 (34.7)

 <0.0001

      SCD

9684 (30.8)

1621 (5.2)

737 (2.3)

1299 (4.1)

18104 (57.6)

 <0.0001

Peak PRA %

           <0.0001

      0-10%

8342 (31.6)

1435 (5.4)

728 (2.8)

1088 (4.1)

14814 (56.1)

  

      11-30%

1236 (31.3)

220 (5.6)

106 (2.7)

175 (4.4)

2218 (56.1)

  

>30%

1688 (32.7)

355 (6.9)

163 (3.2)

198 (3.8)

2756 (53.4)

  

      Unknown

864 (43.0)

134 (6.7)

43 (2.1)

64 (3.2)

903 (45.1)

  

   Mismatches

          <0.0001

      0 ABDR mismatches

1072 (32.8)

145 (4.4)

60 (1.8)

104 (3.2)

1888 (57.8)

  

      0 DR mismatches

2473 (30.8)

409 (5.1)

209 (2.6)

349 (4.4)

4589 (57.2)

  

> 0 DR mismatches

8327 (32.8)

1594 (6.1)

747 (2.9)

1028 (4.1)

 13762 (54.2)  

Unknown

258 (31.2)

46 (5.6)

24 (2.9)

44 (5.3)

 455 (55.0)  

   HLA Mismatches

          <0.0001

      0 HLA mismatches

1072 (32.8)

145 (5.6)

60 (1.8)

104 (3.2)

1888 (57.8)

  

      1 HLA mismatches

673 (28.6)

119 (4.4)

57 (2.4)

78 (3.3)

1424 (60.6)

  

      2 HLA mismatches

1237 (30.5)

219 (5.1)

91 (2.2)

192 (4.7)

2318 (57.1)

  

      3 HLA mismatches

2528 (31.2)

449 (5.5)

231 (2.9)

354 (4.4)

4547 (56.1)

  

      4 HLA mismatches

3108 (33.3)

564 (6.0)

254 (2.7)

384 (4.1)

5036 (53.9)

  

      5 HLA mismatches

2324 (33.6)

433 (6.3)

231 (3.3)

270 (3.9)

3653 (52.9)

  

      6 HLA mismatches

930 (34.9)

169 (6.4)

92 (3.5)

99 (3.7)

1373 (51.6)

  

Unknown

258 (31.2)

46 (5.6)

24 (2.9)

44 (5.3)

455 (55.0)

  

CMV sero-pairing

          <0.0001

      Donor - / Recipient -   

1289 (30.7)

209 (5.0)

97 (2.7)

173 (4.1)

2663 (57.5)

  

      Donor - / Recipient + 

2824 (33.1)

502 (5.9)

229 (2.7)

355 (4.2)

4627 (54.2)

  

      Donor + / Recipient - 

1930 (32.9)

313 (6.2)

168 (3.1)

256 (3.9)

3611 (53.8)

  

      Donor + / Recipient +

4895 (29.1)

918 (4.7)

466 (2.2)

586 (3.9)

7998 (60.1)

  

      Unknown                  

1192 (34.8)

202 (5.9)

80 (2.3)

155 (4.5)

1795 (52.4)

  

   Year

           <0.0001

1995

767 (20.1)

148 (3.9)

88 (2.3)

253 (6.6)

2562 (67.1)

  

  1996

760 (20.5)

187 (5.0)

111 (3.0)

224 (6.0)

2433 (65.5)

  

  1997

835 (21.4)

183 (4.7)

92 (2.4)

195 (5.0)

2595 (66.5)

  

  1998

830 (22.0)

207 (5.5)

106 (2.8)

179 (4.8)

2449 (64.9)

  

  1999

1132 (31.3)

220 (6.1)

90 (2.5)

158 (4.4)

2012 (55.7)

  

  2000

1405 (38.2)

224 (6.1)

97 (2.6)

118 (3.2)

1837 (49.9)

  

  2001

1544 (39.5)

239 (6.1)

126 (3.2)

108 (2.8)

1888 (48.4)

  

  2002

1576 (40.7)

258 (6.7)

127 (3.3)

98 (2.5)

1812 (46.8)

  

  2003

1845 (46.4)

227 (5.7)

122 (3.1)

82 (2.1)

1698 (42.7)

  

  2004

1436 (43.7)

251 (7.6)

81 (2.5)

110 (3.4)

1408 (42.9)

  

 

            

 

Mean(std)

Mean(std)

Mean(std)

Mean(std)

Mean(std)

  

   Cold-time

20.5 (8.6)

22.3 (8.6)

23.1 (9.8)

19.5 (8.5)

18.6 (8.1)

 <0.0001
† P values for the difference in trait distribution according to dialysis utilization were computed by the Chi-square test for categorical variables and the t-test for continuous variables.
* Percents given are row percents.
‡ Periods of early dialysis were defined as first week, the second week, weeks 3 or 4, the second month and the third month post-transplant
Table 1: Characteristics of Medicare-insured renal transplant recipients in 1995-2004 according to early post-transplant dialysis utilization (N = 37,533).