Variable Transplant hospitalization† One year post transplant† Two years post transplant† Three years post transplant†
Base Cost 33173 (31410 - 34936)* 57337 (52327 - 62346) * 66255 (59137 - 73373) * 76000 (66675 - 85326) *
  DGF – dialysis 1st week only 2727 (2323 - 3131) * 6476 (5299 - 7652) * 7246 (5537 - 8954) * 8742 (6456 - 11029) *
  DGF – dialysis in 2 periods‡ 1219 (442 - 1997) * 17070 (14794 - 19346) * 18036 (14777 - 21295) * 21481 (17107 - 25855) *
  DGF – dialysis in 2+ periods‡ 2461 (1379 - 3544) * 27606 (24497 - 30716) * 33675 (29221 - 38129) * 39855 (33856 - 45855) *
  No DGF – some dialysis 1762 (868 - 2657) * 20013 (17448 - 22578) * 21984 (18408 - 25560) * 24846 (20265 - 29426) *
  No DGF – no dialysis Reference Reference Reference Reference
Recipient characteristics        
Female -226 (-599 - 146) -93 (-1168 - 983) 1207 (-334 - 2748) 3086 (1053 - 5120) *
   Race        
      African American 1318 (879 - 1757) * 1969 (690 - 3249) * 4532 (2691 - 6374) * 7543 (5112 - 9974) *
      White Reference Reference Reference Reference
      Other 391 (-354 - 1136) -5426 (-7624 - -3228) * -9224 (-12397 - -6052) * -13901 (-18094 - -9708) *
   Age (years)        
      18-30 Reference Reference Reference Reference
      31-44 -37 (-722 - 648) 192 (-1764 - 2148) 636 (-2134 - 3405) 329 (-3254 - 3911)
      45-59 -597 (-1273 - 79) 976 (-960 - 2911) 1449 (-1298 - 4197) 620 (-2943 - 4182)
> 60 -291 (-1010 - 428) 3932 (1869 - 5996) * 4916 (1974 - 7859) * 3835 (-4 - 7675)
   BMI category (kg/m2)        
< 10 or Missing -289 (-769 - 191) 13 (-1358 - 1385) 474 (-1462 - 2411) 1325 (-1176 - 3825)
>10 to <25 Reference Reference Reference Reference
> 25 to <30 -951 (-1421 - -481) * -2122 (-3485 - -759) * -1401 (-3370 - 568) -2438 (-5071 - 196)
> 30 -1037 (-1558 - -516) * 266 (-1257 - 1790) 1050 (-1167 - 3267) 2272 (-720 - 5264)
   Primary cause of ESRD        
      Diabetes mellitus 2535 (1910 - 3160) * 13085 (11248 - 14923) * 22012 (19388 - 24636) * 28111 (24658 - 31563) *
      Hypertension 1343 (706 - 1980) * 390 (-1512 - 2291) 1685 (-1042 - 4412) 1715 (-1885 - 5315)
      Glomerulonephritis -480 (-1125 - 164) -4148 (-6054 - -2241) * -5515 (-8233 - -2798) * -7745 (-11317 - -4173) *
      PKD 126 (-704 - 956) -3593 (-6024 - -1161) * -5395 (-8883 - -1908) * -9005 (-13620 - -4389) *
      Other Reference Reference Reference Reference
      Unknown 1385 (672 - 2098) * 577 (-1525 - 2680) 1267 (-1752 - 4286) 846 (-3120 - 4812)
   Hispanic 507 (-72 - 1086) 3361 (1745 - 4977) * 5217 (2909 - 7525) * 6181 (3123 - 9239) *
   PVD 233 (-668 - 1133) 6601 (4026 - 9176) * 11829 (8152 - 15505) * 14462 (9646 - 19278) *
   Pre-Transplant Dialysis          
       None (pre-emptive) 1359 (436 - 2283) * 6174 (3503 - 8845) * 6680 (2848 - 10511) * 7769 (2669 - 12869) *
       0-12 months Reference Reference Reference Reference
       13-24 months -1354 (-2111 - -596) * -2315 (-4464 - -167) * -2626 (-5650 - 398) -2150 (-6038 - 1737)
       25-60 months -667 (-1337 - 3) -858 (-2760 - 1045) -1989 (-4680 - 702) -3123 (-6593 - 348)
       More than 60 months 398 (-352 - 1147) 3270 (1122 - 5417) * 3855 (789 - 6921) * 4895 (885 - 8904) *
Donor Characteristics        
   Gender        
      Female -392 (-767 - -18) * -402 (-1487 - 683) -229 (-1787 - 1329) -28 (-2087 - 2031)
   Race        
      African American 698 (143 - 1253) * 2977 (1368 - 4585) * 4979 (2661 - 7298) * 8448 (5370 - 11527) *
      White Reference Reference Reference Reference
      Other 857 (-77 - 1791) -1 (-2880 - 2879) 303 (-3872 - 4477) 5889 (386 - 11393) *
   Age (years)        
         ≤ 18 125 (-436 - 686) 561 (-1051 - 2172) 742 (-1549 - 3032) 1729 (-1267 - 4725)
    19-30 Reference Reference Reference Reference
    31-44 725 (215 - 1236) * 1889 (415 - 3363) * 1495 (-623 - 3612) 2639 (-157 - 5434)
    45-59 998 (458 - 1538) * 3703 (2135 - 5271) * 5346 (3076 - 7616) * 7526 (4483 - 10569) *
    ≥ 60 2127 (1130 - 3124) * 9117 (6215 - 12019) * 13809 (9622 - 17997) * 16626 (11016 - 22236) *
   BMI category (kg/m2)        
< 10 or Missing 499 (-484 - 1481) -82 (-2805 - 2642) 301 (-3401 - 4004) -1320 (-5896 - 3256)
>10 to <25 Reference Reference Reference Reference
> 25 to <30 -22 (-446 - 402) -543 (-1773 - 686) -797 (-2569 - 974) -337 (-2684 - 2009)
> 30 148 (-365 - 661) -192 (-1686 - 1302) -1636 (-3797 - 525) -2869 (-5766 - 27)
   Death due to stroke 361 (-73 - 795) 2443 (1184 - 3702) * 3881 (2064 - 5697) * 5822 (3401 - 8244) *
   Terminal Creatinine ≥ 1.5 967 (458 - 1477) * 586 (-891 - 2063) 1036 (-1089 - 3161) 1796 (-1008 - 4600)
   Hypertension history 609 (79 - 1139) * 2759 (1218 - 4300) * 4005 (1774 - 6236) * 5767 (2803 - 8732) *
   Diabetes -123 (-1050 - 804) 376 (-2326 - 3079) 1825 (-2180 - 5831) 4006 (-1447 - 9460)
Transplant Factors

Donor Type

      SCD Reference Reference Reference Reference
      ECD 750 (-98 - 1598) 2069 (-401 - 4538) 3147 (-418 - 6711) 4494 (-247 - 9235)
      DCD 1969 (831 - 3107) * 4453 (947 - 7959) * 5079 (-328 - 10486) 4293 (-3404 - 11989)
Peak PRA %        
      0-10% 776 (197 - 1355) * 2547 (889 - 4205) * 3842 (1494 - 6190) * 4924 (1875 - 7972) *
      11-30% Reference Reference Reference Reference
>30% 2026 (1487 - 2566) * 6482 (4927 - 8037) * 10917 (8684 - 13149) * 12567 (9614 - 15520) *
      Unknown 2950 (2054 - 3847) * 7985 (4395 - 11576) * 6113 (750 - 11476) * 4231 (-2866 - 11328)
   HLA Mismatches        
      0 HLA mismatches Reference Reference Reference Reference
      1 HLA mismatches 404 (-508 - 1316) 452 (-2161 - 3065) -196 (-3910 - 3517) 2010 (-2888 - 6908)
      2 HLA mismatches -326 (-1126 - 474) 684 (-1608 - 2976) 1147 (-2123 - 4417) 1799 (-2517 - 6116)
      3 HLA mismatches -387 (-1097 - 322) 1106 (-944 - 3155) 2319 (-620 - 5258) 2181 (-1706 - 6067)
      4 HLA mismatches 391 (-308 - 1089) 2600 (573 - 4628) * 3901 (979 - 6824) * 4697 (819 - 8576) *
      5 HLA mismatches 976 (243 - 1709) * 5956 (3822 - 8090) * 8719 (5628 - 11810) * 10145 (6035 - 14254) *
      6 HLA mismatches 1606 (711 - 2502) * 6829 (4229 - 9429) * 8405 (4633 - 12178) * 10601 (5541 - 15660) *
Unknown 2502 (1163 - 3842) * 7659 (3831 - 11487) * 13312 (7932 - 18691) * 16293 (9370 - 23217) *
   CMV sero-pairing        
      Donor - / Recipient - Reference Reference Reference Reference
      Donor - / Recipient + -325 (-961 - 311) -172 (-2005 - 1662) -86 (-2706 - 2534) 2471 (-986 - 5928)
      Donor + / Recipient - 43 (-621 - 706) 6119 (4209 - 8029) * 8062 (5332 - 10792) * 10371 (6784 - 13959) *
      Donor + / Recipient + -98 (-693 - 497) 1658 (-58 - 3374) 3020 (568 - 5473) * 5880 (2653 - 9108) *
      Unknown 64 (-722 - 849) 2877 (609 - 5145) * 5162 (1941 - 8383) * 9235 (5019 - 13450) *
   Cold-time        
0 - 14 hours Reference Reference Reference Reference
      15 - 19 hours -325 (-817 - 167) -1125 (-2553 - 303) -1584 (-3637 - 469) -794 (-3513 - 1924)
      20 - 25 hours 890 (386 - 1394) * 648 (-810 - 2106) 704 (-1389 - 2797) 617 (-2143 - 3377)
      26+ hours 4037 (3501 - 4573) * 5325 (3784 - 6865) * 5649 (3455 - 7844) * 4429 (1550 - 7308) *
      Unknown 2978 (2319 - 3637) * 5036 (3103 - 6970) * 4750 (1896 - 7605) * 6270 (2359 - 10181) *
Year        
      1995 ** Reference Reference Reference Reference
      1996 -1458 (-2262 - -654) * -2277 (-4502 - -53) * -1673 (-4685 - 1338) -1819 (-5519 - 1882)
      1997 -4418 (-5192 - -3643) * -6521 (-8664 - -4379) * -8239 (-11141 - -5336) * -9645 (-13213 - -6077) *
      1998 -5952 (-6736 - -5168) * -11433 (-13602 - -9264) * -12815 (-15755 - -9875) * -13715 (-17332 - -10098) *
      1999 -7277 (-8068 - -6485) * -13947 (-16138 - -11757) * -14618 (-17588 - -11647) * -15831 (-19488 - -12173) *
      2000 -8297 (-9093 - -7500) * -11218 (-13426 - -9010) * 10232 (-13231 - -7233) * -10798 (-14500 - -7096) *
      2001 -9399 (-10188 - -8609) * -13744 (-15932 - -11555) * -14396 (-17371 - -11421) * -15758 (-19434 - -12081) *
      2002 -11555 (-12348 - -10761) * -18870 (-21070 - -16670) * -19225 (-22216 - -16233) *

-
      2003 -13837 (-14632 - -13043) * -23061 (-25267 - -20854) * 12991 (3764 - 22219) *

-
      2004 -15699 (-16600 - -14798) * 15414 (3619 - 27208) * -7226 (-23593 - 9140)

-
Costs adjusted to 2004 as the base year
†Coefficient Estimates (95% CI).
* P-value < 0.05.
‡ Periods of early dialysis were first week, the second week, weeks 3 or 4, the second month and the third month post-transplant
** All costs were adjusted for inflation with the medical component of the consumer price index using the year 2000 as the base year.
Table 3: Multivariate regression estimates of adjusted cost drivers at transplant hospitalization and one, two, and three years in Medicare-insured transplant recipients from 1995–2004 (in US dollars).