Reference Patients/Controls Sample Results Medication, drugs/alcohol Mood Status Oliveira et al. [15] 15/15 Postmortem brain - hippocampus énNOS Lithium subjects higher in CA3 region than non-lithium, no effect from other medications N/A Wang et al.  [12] 15/15 Postmortem brain - ACC é4-HNE 4-HNE higher in medication naive N/A Andreazza et al. [14] 15/15 Postmortem brain - PFC éPCC, 3-NT No effect of medication on measures N/A Che et al. [17] 15/15 Postmortem brain - hippocampus éRNA oxidative damage N/A N/A Gawryluk et al. [21] 15/15 Postmortem brain - PFC êGSH No effect from drug/alcohol abuse N/A Abdalla et al. [33] 20/58 RBC éSOD No difference between lithium and lithium+antipsychotic N/A Savas et al.   [24] 44/21 Plasma éNO N/A N/A Rajekar et al. [32] 10/31 RBC êSOD, CAT, éTBARS N/A N/A Ozcan et al. [66] 30/21 RBC êCAT, GSH-Px, NO éMDA After 3 months psychiatric inpatient clinic, GSH-Px increased N/A Yanik et al.  [28] 43/31 Plasma éNO N/A N/A Savas et al. [24] 27/20 Serum éNO, SOD N/A Number of manic episodes correlate with NO, not SOD Andreazza et al.  [25] 85/32 Serum éTBARS, SOD, SOD:GSH-Px+Cat N/A SOD, SOD:GSH-Px+Cat effects in manic or depressive phase Andreazza et al. [30] 32/32 Serum éDNA damage No effect of medication Depressive/manic states correlate with damage Machado-Vieira et al. [65] 30/30 Serum éNO, SOD N/A Currently euthymic. Manic episodes correlated with increasing NO Gergerlioglu et al. [29] 29/30 Serum éNO, êSOD After 30 days of psychiatric hospital treatment, SOD decreased, no difference in NO SOD negatively correlated with number of manic episodes, correlation between NO and delusions. Kunz et al. [36] 83/32 Serum é SOD, TBARS N/A SOD with mania and depression, not euthymic. TBARS with all phases. Selek et al. [27] 30/30 Serum êSOD, éNO Degree of normalization after 30days hospitalization with drug treatments No correlation with number of any type of episode Yumru et al. [37] 94/41 Plasma éTotal oxidant, Total antioxidant, Oxidative stress (oxidant/antioxidant) N/A N/A Kapczinski et al. [83] 80/60 Serum éPCC, TBARS N/A Depression and mania associated with PCC, TBARS, not euthymia.  Magalhães et al. [71] 55/94 Serum éPCC Current use of medication not correlated N/A Banerjee et al. [26] 73/35 Serum éTBARS TBARS lower in lithium treated vs. lithium naive N/A

Table 1: Studies of oxidative stress in Bipolar Disorder patients. If available, findings of associated variables of mood stabilizing medications, alcohol and drugs of abuse, and different mood episodes with oxidative stress measures are presented. Brain samples: Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), Prefrontal cortex (PFC). Peripheral samples: Red blood cells (RBC). Reactive Oxygen Species: Nitric Oxide (NO), Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Oxidative damage to proteins: Protein carbonyl content (PCC), 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Oxidative damage to lipids: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Antioxidants: Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD).