| |
RCT NO. 1 – EST vs. EPCS |
|
|
RCT NO. 2 – EPCS vs. TIPS |
|
|
| Findings |
EST (n = 106) |
EPCS (n = 105) |
P value |
EPCS (n = 76) |
TIPS (n = 78) |
P value |
| Cirrhosis on liver biopsy, n (%) |
106 (100) |
105 (100) |
1 |
76 (100) |
78 (100) |
1 |
| Esophageal varices on endoscopy, n (%) |
106 (100) |
105 (100) |
1 |
76 (100) |
78 (100) |
1 |
| Size 2+ to 4+ (on scale of 0-4+), n (%) |
102 (96) |
105 (100) |
0.68 |
71 (92) |
69 (88) |
0.4 |
| Active bleeding, n (%) |
41 (39) |
29 (28) |
0.11 |
37 (49) |
50 (52) |
0.5 |
| Clot on varices, n (%) |
53 (50) |
51 (49) |
0.89 |
45 (63) |
40 (52) |
0.18 |
| Red color signs on varices, n (%) |
67 (63) |
66 (63) |
1 |
34 (47) |
35 (45) |
1 |
| Gastric varices on endoscopy, n (%) |
19 (18) |
17 (16) |
0.86 |
25 (33) |
28 (36) |
0.74 |
| Portal hypertensive gastropathy, n (%) |
23 (22) |
22 (21) |
1 |
46 (61) |
38 (49) |
0.15 |
| Laboratory blood tests, median/mean (range) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lowest hemoglobin, g/dL |
8.0/8.4 (2.0-8.1) |
8.0/8.0 (2.6-11.9) |
0.4 |
7.5/7.4 (2.3-13.7) |
7.9/7.9 (2.8-22.5) |
0.17 |
| Lowest hematocrit, % |
23.4/22.8 (6.0-39.4) |
23.5/23.7 (11.0-35.4) |
0.46 |
22.3/21.85 (2-36.8) |
23/22.6 (7.5-32.8) |
0.32 |
| Lowest platelet count, 1,000/mm3 |
87/97.6 (25-340) |
76/95.4 (15-268) |
0.36 |
78.0/88.1 (3-328) |
77.5/92.7 (25-296) |
0.56 |
| Serum bilirubin, mg/dL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Direct |
0.5/1.1 (0.1-12.0) |
0.4/0.7 (0.1-3.7) |
0.12 |
0.75/0.91 (0.1-3.7) |
0.65/1.29 (0.1-14.7) |
0.89 |
| Total |
2.4/3.5 (0.6-15.2) |
1.9/27 (0.4-148) |
0.25 |
2.25/2.66 (0.9-7.5) |
2.15/3.18 (0.5-25.4) |
0.89 |
| Albumin, g/dL |
2.6/2.6 (1.4-3.9) |
2.5/2.6 (1.4-4.5) |
0.49 |
2.5/2.78 (1.2-24) |
2.4/2.45 (1.6-3.5) |
0.43 |
| Aspartate transaminase, IU/L |
73/116 (16-1,359) |
66/88 (16-582) |
0.37 |
65/83 (24-351) |
67/178 (16-4,010) |
0.41 |
| Alanine transaminase, IU/L |
35/54 (11-432) |
36/47 (9-582) |
0.56 |
32/43 (13-230) |
34/72 (9-645) |
0.52 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L |
86/95 (1.3-367) |
79/88 (29-218) |
0.2 |
75/90 (12-476) |
75/88 (32-299) |
0.9 |
| International normalized ratio |
1.3/2.8 (0.6-5.8) |
1.3/1.4 (1.1-2.6) |
0.39 |
1.4/1.5 (1.1-4.1) |
1.4/1.5 (1.1-3.0) |
0.94 |
| Arterial ammonia, µmol/L |
76/93 (33-253) |
75/92 (26-497) |
0.83 |
85/122 (32-2,002) |
88/97 (24-251) |
0.65 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL |
0.8/1.4 (0.4-10) |
0.8/1.0 (0.5-2.7) |
0.89 |
0.8/0.92 (0.4-2.9) |
0.8/0.91 (0.4-2.2) |
0.94 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL |
22/27 (7-85) |
21/23 (6-69) |
0.22 |
20/23.1 (5-91) |
19/21.1 (4-68) |
0.43 |
| Glucose, mg/dL |
133/152 (74-548) |
135/157 (60-368) |
0.44 |
128/146 (11-389) |
143/154 (89-367) |
0.17 |
| Blood alcohol 0.01% or higher, n (%) |
9 (8) |
13 (12) |
0.29 |
7 (9) |
6 (8) |
0.78 |
| Blood alpha fetoprotein, ng/mL, mean (range) |
4 (0-18) |
4 (0-10) |
0.84 |
4 (0-118) |
4 (0-181) |
0.98 |
| Positive HBV or HCV serology, n (%) |
37 (35) |
44 (42) |
0.32 |
47 (62) |
49 (63) |
1 |
EST-Endoscopic Sclerotherapy; EPCS- Emergency Portacaval Shunt; HBV- Hepatitis B Virus; HCV- Hepatitis C Virus; TIPS-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt |