Figure 1: (a) Transverse section of the rat tail. rC, right superficial lateral neurovascular bundle; lC, light superficial lateral neurovascular bundle; m, middle caudal neurovascular bundle; CV, caudal vertebra. (b) Two symmetrical skin flap windows were raised in the rat tail at the middle dorsal side. Single asterisks showed the right superficial lateral caudal neurovascular bundles. (c) Close up view of the neurovascular bundle as seen through the operating microscope (original magnification × 20). L, lymphatic vein; A, artery; V, vein; N, nerve.