| Target |
Modality |
Effect |
| TCR |
ASF/SF2 forced expression |
Increase in IL-2 production in vitro |
| Syk |
Fostamatinib |
Normalization of calcium flux in vitro
Amelioration of disease in lupus prone mice |
| mTOR |
1. Rapamycin
2. N-Acetyl cysteine |
1. Improvement of SLE disease activity in patients and decrease in corticosteroid use
2. Improvement of SLE disease activity in patients |
| CD 154 |
1. Anti-CD154 antibodies
2.Tacrolimus/Cyclosporine
3. Dipyridamole |
1. Improvement of serological activity and hematuria. Trials stopped due to myocardial infarctions.
2. Used in patients with lupus nephritis
3. Ameliorated disease in lupus prone mice |
| HDAC |
1. Trichostatin A
2. Vorinostat |
Decrease expression of interferon gamma in vitro
Amelioration of disease activity in lupus prone mice |
| IL-23 |
IL-23 receptor deficiency |
Amelioration of immune activation and nephritis in IL-23 receptor deficient animals |
| ROCK |
Fasudil |
Amelioration of disease in lupus prone mice |
| CaMKIV |
KN93 |
Increase in IL-2 production in vitro
Amelioration of disease through inhibition of Interferon gamma in lupus prone mice |
| Treg |
1. IL-2 infusion
2. Treg cell therapy |
1. Effective in graft versus host patients
2. Amelioration of disease in lupus prone mice |
