| |
Patient number |
Type of study |
Treatment |
Surrogate markers |
Results |
| Statin |
|
|
|
|
|
| Van Doornum et al. [74] |
N=29
Age=55 |
Prospective observational |
Atorvastatin 20mg daily for 12 weeks |
AI |
AI improved 34.1→30.6% (P<0.01) |
| Mäki-Petäjä et al. [75] |
N=20
Age=58 |
Prospective observational |
Simvastatin 20mg or ezetimib 10mg daily, each for 6 weeks |
PWV
FMD |
PWV and FMD significantly improved by both medications. |
| Hermann et al. [76] |
N=20
Age=57 |
Double blind randomized |
Simvastatin 40mg daily for 4 weeks |
FMD |
FMD improves in patients with statin compared with placebo 5.5% vs. 3.8% (P=0.02) |
| Biologics therapy |
|
|
|
|
|
| Hürlimann et al. [88] |
N=11
Age=46 |
Post-hoc analysis from a randomized controlled trial |
Infliximab for 12 weeks |
FMD |
FMD improved from 3.2%→4.1% (P=0.02) |
| Wong et al. [89] |
N=26 |
Prospective observational |
Infliximab for 54 weeks |
PWV
cIMT |
PWV significantly improved but not cIMT |
| Van Doornum et al. [91] |
N=14
Age=55 |
Prospective observational |
Etanercept (N=7)
Adalimumab (N=6)
IFx (N=1) for 6 weeks |
AI |
AI remained unchanged 29.1% →30.1% (P=0.50) |
| Tam et al. [93] |
N=40
Age=53 |
Randomized open-label study |
MTx Alone (N=20)
MTx + IFx (N=20) for 6 month |
AI
PWV |
MTx + early IFX improved PWV than MTx alone in early RA patients with active disease. |
| Mäki-Petäjä et al. [94] |
N=17
Age=58 |
Prospective observational |
Adalimumab (N=12)
Etanercept (N=5) in 8 weeks |
18F-FDG-PET |
Reduction in TBRmax from 2.02 to 1.90 (P=0.03) |
| Protogerou et al. [96] |
N=16
Age=44 |
Prospective observational |
Tocilizumab for 6 months |
PWV
FMD |
FMD improved from 3.3% → 5.2%.
PWV decreased from 8.2 m/s → 7.0 m/s |
| Kerekes et al. [99] |
N=5
Age=42 |
Prospective observational |
Rituximab for 2 doses |
cIMT
FMD |
cIMT improved in 3/5 patients by 16 weeks
FMD improved in 4/5 patients by 16 weeks |
Abbreviations: 