facelift
Figure 1: Schematic representation of a facelift patient on an operative table. The surgeon’s vision is represented by the circular eye with an arrow to the surgical field.
A. Patient lying supine on the operative table with facelift skin flaps of the right cheek elevated and the surgeon’s line of vision unable to visualize the underlying skin and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS) layer.
B. Facelift patient with a non-arthritic neck that is able to rotate toward their left side at 45 degrees in the sagittal plane from the meridian. The surgeon’s line of vision is adequate to visualize the surgical field.
C. Typical facelift patient undergoing facelift surgery with stiff neck secondary to undiagnosed cervical spondylosis. The surgeon is unable to adequately visualize the surgical field secondary to the inadequate ability of the patient to rotate their neck.