Figure 1: Pattern of Fos expression in AVCN. (A) In ipsilateral AVCN (AVCNi), Fos positive nuclei (black dots) emerged in regions tonotopically corresponding to the intracochlear stimulation site without or with (shown) nimodipine treatment. The dashed line marks the region of interest (ROI). Scale bar: 200 μm. (B) In contralateral AVCN (AVCNc) very few Fos stained nuclei are visible. The inset shows Fos positive nuclei (black dots, upper part) and how they were identified by image analysis (white dots, lower part). Scale bar for inset: 20 μm. (C+D) Fos expression after different type of 2 h stimulation within the non-treated group (C) and the nimodipine-treated group (D). For significant differences against control (a) see text. (E) Direct comparison of the effect of nimodipine treatment on Fos expression for each experimental setup. (***): p<0.001; (**): p < 0.01; (*): p<0.05; Co: Control group; nimo: nimodipine-treated group; Impl: dummy implantation of electrode carrier; i: ipsilateral; c: contralateral.