Group Isolated agents
Gram-negative aerobic bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Brevundimonas diminutiva, Haemophilus somnus, Neisseria sicca, Neisseria subflava, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Ralstonia pickettii, Sphingomonas paucimobilis,
Gram-positive aerobic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Kocuria rosea, Leuconostoc mesenteroides spp. cremoris, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus simulans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Turicella otidis
Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides urealyticus, Eubacterium limosum, Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Veilonella parvula
Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria Clostridium bifermentans, Fusobacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum
Yeasts Candida albicans
Table 2: Infectious microorganisms isolated from cholesteatoma material or ossicles that were overgrown by cholesteatoma [83,86,89].